A 0.5mΩ/√Hz 106dB SNR 0.45cm2 Dry-Electrode Bioimpedance Interface with Current Mismatch Cancellation and Boosted Input Impedance of 100MΩ at 50kHz

Qinjing Pan, Tianxiang Qu, Biao Tang, Fei Shan, Zhiliang Hong, Jiawei Xu
{"title":"A 0.5mΩ/√Hz 106dB SNR 0.45cm2 Dry-Electrode Bioimpedance Interface with Current Mismatch Cancellation and Boosted Input Impedance of 100MΩ at 50kHz","authors":"Qinjing Pan, Tianxiang Qu, Biao Tang, Fei Shan, Zhiliang Hong, Jiawei Xu","doi":"10.1109/ISSCC42614.2022.9731787","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Bioimpedance (BioZ) analysis has been recognized as a new paradigm to derive a number of body composition and hemodynamic measures in a non-invasive manner. Measuring the changes in electrical resistance of the thorax during a cardiac cycle, known as impedance cardiography (ICG), is beneficial in detecting early signs of heart failure deterioration [1]. This raises the need for power-efficient wearable BioZ sensors to enable long-term and user-friendly health monitoring, while state-of-the-art designs still suffer from a few drawbacks. First, conventional BioZ interfaces typically rely on gel electrodes (> 10cm2) for low-impedance contact between skin and electrodes [1]–[2]. This not only hampers the long-term recording but also causes user discomfort. However, it is very challenging to perform small-size dry-electrode BioZ sensing at the frequency range of 1kHz to 1MHz, where both the increased electrode-tissue impedance (ETI) (-10MΩII0.5nF) and input parasitic capacitance $\\mathrm{C}_{\\mathrm{p}}(> 10\\text{pF})$ play a dominating role in attenuating the input signal (Fig. 20.1.1), resulting in gain inaccuracy and a long settling time [3]. To solve this issue, a BioZ amplifier with calibrated positive feedback [3] was proposed for input impedance boosting, which enables 1cm2 dry-electrode BioZ sensing. Second, to identify small BioZ variation (0.01 to $1\\Omega$) over higher baseline impedance, i.e., ETI plus the static BioZ component, both the excitation current generator (CG) and the BioZ amplifier must feature low noise. Although dynamic element matching (DEM) is effective in alleviating the 1/f current noise of the CG [2], the input-signal-dependent noise of the amplifier remains a notable problem that severely reduces the measurement accuracy when the BioZ signal is large [4]. Furthermore, previous CGs employing complementary current sources suffer from current mismatch, resulting in low output impedance and limited voltage headroom [1]–[2]. A unipolar CG solves this problem, but both the sinusoidal CG and current sink amplifier are power-hungry [3]. Finally, state-of-the-art BioZ readouts [1]–[3] still require an extra electrode to bias the body and provide the input common-mode (CM) voltage, which further increases the system complexity.","PeriodicalId":6830,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"332-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCC42614.2022.9731787","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4

Abstract

Bioimpedance (BioZ) analysis has been recognized as a new paradigm to derive a number of body composition and hemodynamic measures in a non-invasive manner. Measuring the changes in electrical resistance of the thorax during a cardiac cycle, known as impedance cardiography (ICG), is beneficial in detecting early signs of heart failure deterioration [1]. This raises the need for power-efficient wearable BioZ sensors to enable long-term and user-friendly health monitoring, while state-of-the-art designs still suffer from a few drawbacks. First, conventional BioZ interfaces typically rely on gel electrodes (> 10cm2) for low-impedance contact between skin and electrodes [1]–[2]. This not only hampers the long-term recording but also causes user discomfort. However, it is very challenging to perform small-size dry-electrode BioZ sensing at the frequency range of 1kHz to 1MHz, where both the increased electrode-tissue impedance (ETI) (-10MΩII0.5nF) and input parasitic capacitance $\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{p}}(> 10\text{pF})$ play a dominating role in attenuating the input signal (Fig. 20.1.1), resulting in gain inaccuracy and a long settling time [3]. To solve this issue, a BioZ amplifier with calibrated positive feedback [3] was proposed for input impedance boosting, which enables 1cm2 dry-electrode BioZ sensing. Second, to identify small BioZ variation (0.01 to $1\Omega$) over higher baseline impedance, i.e., ETI plus the static BioZ component, both the excitation current generator (CG) and the BioZ amplifier must feature low noise. Although dynamic element matching (DEM) is effective in alleviating the 1/f current noise of the CG [2], the input-signal-dependent noise of the amplifier remains a notable problem that severely reduces the measurement accuracy when the BioZ signal is large [4]. Furthermore, previous CGs employing complementary current sources suffer from current mismatch, resulting in low output impedance and limited voltage headroom [1]–[2]. A unipolar CG solves this problem, but both the sinusoidal CG and current sink amplifier are power-hungry [3]. Finally, state-of-the-art BioZ readouts [1]–[3] still require an extra electrode to bias the body and provide the input common-mode (CM) voltage, which further increases the system complexity.
一个0.5mΩ/√Hz 106dB信噪比0.45cm2的干电极生物阻抗接口,电流失配消除,50kHz输入阻抗提升100MΩ
生物阻抗(BioZ)分析已被认为是一种新的范例,可以以无创的方式获得许多身体成分和血液动力学测量。在心脏周期中测量胸腔电阻的变化,即阻抗心电图(ICG),有助于发现心力衰竭恶化的早期迹象[1]。这就增加了对节能的可穿戴式BioZ传感器的需求,以实现长期和用户友好的健康监测,而最先进的设计仍然存在一些缺点。首先,传统的BioZ界面通常依赖于凝胶电极(> 10cm2)来实现皮肤和电极之间的低阻抗接触[1]-[2]。这不仅不利于长期录制,而且会引起用户的不适。然而,在1kHz至1MHz的频率范围内进行小尺寸干电极BioZ传感是非常具有挑战性的,其中增加的电极组织阻抗(ETI) (-10MΩII0.5nF)和输入寄生电容$\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{p}}(> 10\text{pF})$对输入信号的衰减起主导作用(图20.1.1),导致增益不准确和较长的稳定时间[3]。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种带校准正反馈的BioZ放大器[3],用于输入阻抗增强,可实现1cm2的干电极BioZ传感。其次,为了在较高的基线阻抗(即ETI加上静态BioZ分量)上识别小的BioZ变化(0.01至$1\Omega$),激励电流发生器(CG)和BioZ放大器都必须具有低噪声。尽管动态元件匹配(DEM)可以有效缓解CG的1/f电流噪声[2],但放大器的输入信号相关噪声仍然是一个值得注意的问题,严重降低了BioZ信号较大时的测量精度[4]。此外,以前采用互补电流源的CGs存在电流失配问题,导致输出阻抗低,电压裕度有限[1]-[2]。单极CG解决了这个问题,但正弦CG和电流吸收放大器都是耗电的[3]。最后,最先进的BioZ读数[1]-[3]仍然需要一个额外的电极来偏置主体并提供输入共模(CM)电压,这进一步增加了系统的复杂性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信