Environmental Safety and Quality of Plant Food (Example of Grapes)

Abstract

Actuality. Growing grapes in recent years has become increasingly popular, especially among ordinary farmers. Grapes are unique in their composition, and also extremely useful. Therefore, the determination of its quality and environmental safety in terms of consumption by population is quite topical. Purpose. Determination of ecological safety and quality of plant food (example of grapes) grown in Vysokiy settlement, Kharkiv district of Kharkiv region. Methods. Field, atomic absorption spectrometry method using the spectrometer MGA-915MD, statistical, analytical, comparative-geographical. Results. Berries, grape seeds of 10 grape varieties and soil samples as grape growing medium, were analysed. Analyses for heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb) concentrations and nitrates content in fruit part were preformed.. It has been determined that heavy metals concentrations in any of the grape varieties does not exceed the normative parameters in berries and seeds. Soil samples also have not shown an excess of MPC. The content of nitrates in the fruit part of the grapes exceeded the standard by 1.5 fold. The coefficient of heavy metals biogeochemical mobility has showed the highest accumulation of Cu and Cr in the fruit part of the grapes. Conclusions. The concentration of heavy metals in the fruit part of the grapes, in the seeds of all grape varieties does not exceed the standards. No clear dependence has been identified to assert the accumulation of heavy metals in grape seeds. Nitrates can accumulate in the fruit part of the grapes. Minor violation of standard for nitrate was identified in the fruit part of the grapes. In general, grapes can be used by the population as a food.