Synthesis of new dithiocarbamate and xanthate complexes and their application in enrichment processes

Abstract

Ore flotation is the main and defining technological process in ore benefication and non-ferrous metals production. The flotation process requires the use of a variety of chemical reagents, including collectors, frothers, surface modifiers, and pH regulators. The development and selection of suitable reagents for the processed material play a vital role in efficient flotation. The flotation activity of collectors depends fundamentally on the composition and structure of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragments forming the flotation agent molecule, as well as on the nature of the ore that undergoes flotation processing. In this regard, the identification and study of the “substance structure–flotation activity” relation, as well as the search for new effective flotation reagents gain importance within applied organic and organoelement chemistry and related branches of science and technology. In this article, we review syntheses of effective collector reagents, namely xanthates and dithiocarbamates, based on the literature data for the past five years. Where necessary, earlier sources are provided. The reaction conditions and yields of the target compounds are presented using schemes. In addition, we present the results of flotation tests on the surfaces of various ores and the data on the mechanism of concentrate extraction. According to the reviewed publications, the fixation of collector reagents on the surface of minerals can be regarded as a complexation process of the collector functional groups and metal ions located on the surface of the mineral.