Key Principles of Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Types in Young Patients

A. Ovsyannikova, R. Galenok, O. Rymar
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Abstract

Aim: To study peculiarities of various types of diabetes mellitus (DM) in young patients. Key points. In patients with DM onset in young age, it is challenging to correctly identify the DM type, therefore, it is essential to know the peculiarities of the onset and progression of each type. DM1 patients present with severe pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Slow immunemediated DM is diagnosed in the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, but without any need to use insulin for 1 year after the diagnosis. DM2 is characterised with normal or elevated C-peptide levels, absence of antibodies, and presence of some signs of metabolic syndrome. In young patients, DM with autosomal dominant inheritance can be verified, which is caused by pathogenic mutations in associated genes — MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young). Conclusion. A review of literature demonstrates the need in thorough differential diagnosis of a DM type if young patients present with hyperglycaemia. Keywords: slow immune-mediated diabetes mellitus, MODY, diabetes mellitus, young patients.
青年糖尿病患者分型鉴别诊断的关键原则
目的:探讨不同类型糖尿病(DM)青年患者的特点。要点。在年轻发病的糖尿病患者中,正确识别糖尿病类型具有挑战性,因此,了解每种类型的发病和进展的特点是至关重要的。DM1患者表现为严重的胰腺β细胞功能障碍。慢性免疫介导型糖尿病诊断为谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体存在,但诊断后1年内不需要使用胰岛素。DM2的特征是c肽水平正常或升高,缺乏抗体,存在一些代谢综合征的迹象。在年轻患者中,可以证实糖尿病具有常染色体显性遗传,这是由相关基因MODY(成熟型糖尿病)的致病性突变引起的。结论。文献综述表明,如果年轻患者出现高血糖,需要对糖尿病进行彻底的鉴别诊断。关键词:慢免疫介导型糖尿病,MODY,糖尿病,年轻患者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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