Advances in thermal physiology of diving marine mammals: The dual role of peripheral perfusion.

Arina B Favilla, Markus Horning, Daniel P Costa
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Abstract

The ability to maintain a high core body temperature is a defining characteristic of all mammals, yet their diverse habitats present disparate thermal challenges that have led to specialized adaptations. Marine mammals inhabit a highly conductive environment. Their thermoregulatory capabilities far exceed our own despite having limited avenues of heat transfer. Additionally, marine mammals must balance their thermoregulatory demands with those associated with diving (i.e. oxygen conservation), both of which rely on cardiovascular adjustments. This review presents the progress and novel efforts in investigating marine mammal thermoregulation, with a particular focus on the role of peripheral perfusion. Early studies in marine mammal thermal physiology were primarily performed in the laboratory and provided foundational knowledge through in vivo experiments and ex vivo measurements. However, the ecological relevance of these findings remains unknown because comparable efforts on free-ranging animals have been limited. We demonstrate the utility of biologgers for studying their thermal adaptations in the context in which they evolved. Our preliminary results from freely diving northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) reveal blubber's dynamic nature and the complex interaction between thermoregulation and the dive response due to the dual role of peripheral perfusion. Further exploring the potential use of biologgers for measuring physiological variables relevant to thermal physiology in other marine mammal species will enhance our understanding of the relative importance of morphology, physiology, and behavior for thermoregulation and overall homeostasis.

潜水海洋哺乳动物热生理学研究进展:外周灌注的双重作用。
能够保持较高的核心体温是所有哺乳动物的一个显著特征,然而它们不同的栖息地带来了不同的热挑战,从而导致了特殊的适应性。海洋哺乳动物生活在一个高传导性的环境中。尽管它们的热传递途径有限,但它们的体温调节能力却远远超过我们。此外,海洋哺乳动物必须在它们的体温调节需求与潜水相关需求(即氧气保存)之间取得平衡,而这两种需求都依赖于心血管调节。本综述介绍了海洋哺乳动物体温调节研究的进展和新成果,尤其关注外周灌注的作用。早期的海洋哺乳动物热生理学研究主要在实验室进行,通过体内实验和体外测量提供基础知识。然而,这些研究结果的生态相关性仍是未知数,因为在自由放养动物身上进行的类似研究非常有限。我们展示了生物驯化器在研究其进化过程中的热适应性方面的实用性。我们从自由潜水的北象海豹(Mirounga angustirostris)身上获得的初步结果揭示了脂肪的动态性质,以及由于外周灌注的双重作用,体温调节与潜水反应之间复杂的相互作用。进一步探索使用生物记录仪测量其他海洋哺乳动物热生理学相关生理变量的可能性,将加深我们对形态学、生理学和行为学对体温调节和整体平衡的相对重要性的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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