Historical and cultural framework of the Gunibsky district of the Republic of Dagestan

Abstract

Introduction. Regional development in Dagestan Republic is focused on the tourism industry, which is developed in coastal areas, which cannot be attributed to mountainous areas, despite the growing interest of tourists. Due to the inseparable connection between the historical and cultural landscape and the settlement system, it has an important role in the location of tourist industry facilities. The aim of the research is to construct historical and cultural framework of the territory (HCF), which largely determines the placement of urban development facilities of the tourist industry, including tourist attractors. A territorial model of the cultural framework of the Gunibsky district, which includes objects of cultural heritage and identified cultural landscapes is proposed. Materials and methods. Terraced farming areas were identified using the Google Earth geographic information system. The use of orographic maps, as well as taking into account the physical capacity of farmers to walk the maximum distance during the day, going to the agricultural fields, and in the evening, returning home, allowed to determine the boundaries and belonging of fields to settlements. Results. An analysis of the settlement structure of the Gunibsky district, an inventory of terraced fields was carried out, and a historical and cultural framework was compiled, defining the territorial and spatial potential of the cultural heritage of the region. Conclusions. The conducted research has established the HCF of the territory of Gunibsky district of the Republic of Dagestan, which contains objects of cultural tangible and intangible heritage, as well as significant areas of cultural and pastoral landscapes. Further in-depth study and work on the assignment of the recorded cultural landscape to the objects of cultural heritage, with the appropriate inclusion in the necessary registers is proposed. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of urban planning documents established by the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation. The richness of the historical and cultural framework of the Gunibsky district shows the prospects of its territorial development on the basis of the tourism industry.