A rare case of a fetal neural tube defect: Iniencephaly

Abstract

Iniencephaly is characterized by severe retro flexion of the head with the absence of neck due to spinal vertebrae deformities, it is considered as uncommon anomaly. Prevalence: 0.1-10:10,000, M:F. Etiology: Unknown, but genetic, environmental factors are implicated. Pathogenesis: Unknown. Recurrence risk: 1-4%. Associated anomalies: Anencephaly, encephalocele, cyclopedia, lack of lower jaw bone, cleft palate, arthrogryposis, clubfeet, holoprosencephaly, spina bifida, lung hypoplasia, omphalocele, gastroschisis, cardiovascular disorders, Congenital diaphragmatic hernias, gastrointestinal atresia, single umbilical artery and renal abnormalities. Conclusion: Iniencephaly is a lethal congenital neural tube malformation. It is characterized by occipital bone defect, fixed retroflexion of the fetal head and severe lordosis of the cervicothoracic spine. Differential diagnosis: Include anencephaly with cervical spinal retro flexion and Klippel-Fiel syndrome