Prosthodontic Solution for Pediatric Patient with Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Review Article

Abstract

Background : Ectodermal dysplasia is a category of hereditary disorders characterized by a primary deficiency in the function of the hair, teeth, nails, or sweat glands, as well as another abnormality in any ectodermal tissue. Ears, lips, mouth or nose mucous membranes, and the central nervous system are among them. In ectodermal dysplasia, more than 2 ectoderma structures are deformed and are a related genetic. Past lessons seen from hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia act as a model for disclosing the etiology and pathogenesis of other ectodermal dysplasia types by identifying phenotypically similar syndromes can be the result of alteration in various genes that alteration in identical genes could result in different phenotypes and that alteration in the genes downstream the identical signaling pathway which could alter the phenotype significantly. In a letter to Charles Darwin in 1838, Wedderburn described a case of ectodermal dysplasia in 10 Hindu male relatives. Thurnam registered two cases of hypohidrotic type in 1848. In most cases, dentists do not have the thorough knowledge to tackle such cases along with that the inability for the guardians and the child to support the long-term treatment needed for ectodermal dysplasia as the appliances has to keep on changing stands as a blockade in the pathway of a successful treatment. The present analysis focuses on epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis along with different treatment options, on classification, genetic aspects, including clinical manifestation. To restore the esthetic appeal and work of the stomatognathic system, patients also require a multidisciplinary approach for clinical preparation and dental treatment. Follow-ups of the patient with adjustments in their dentures should be made to meet the continuous development occurring in the patient, early dental treatments may enhance the patient’s appearance and psychological problems. Proper communication should be there between the patient and the dentist if the treatment has to be a success. When it comes to children, guardian should actively support the instruction provided by the dentist. Dentist should provide an environment for the child and his/her guardian to convey their problems and an active time allotment should be given to make the treatment successful.