The relationship of Demodex density with acne severity

Abstract

Introduction: Demodex (D.) mites play a role in the etiology of many dermatological diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between acne severity (mild, moderate, and severe acne) and Demodex density in patients with acne vulgaris and compare this with the healthy population. Materials and Methods: In total 150 patients with acne vulgaris and 60 healthy individuals were evaluated. Patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris were divided into three groups as mild, moderate, and severe. The gender, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol use, tea and coffee consumption, usage frequency of moisturizer, facial cleanser and concealer, and skin type (dry/sensitive, mixed, and oily) were recorded. Demodex density was measured by using the standard superficial skin biopsy method. Results: Demodex infestation was observed in 40 (26.6%) of the acne patients and 13 (21.6%) of the healthy control group. The Demodex infestation was observed in 16 (32%) of the mild acne group, 15 (30%) of the moderate acne group, and 9 (18%) of the severe acne group; there was no significant difference between the control group and severity of acne. In patients with acne, being over 25 years of age 2.6-fold, sensitive-dry skin type 7.4-fold, and obesity 4.06-fold increased risk of Demodex infestation. Conclusion: In this study, we did not detect an increased incidence of Demodex, including disease severity, in patients with acne vulgaris. However, we showed that the density of Demodex was increased in those aged 25 years and older, obese patients, and those with sensitive-dry skin in patients with acne.