Research of biologically active substances of hemp seeds, hemp seed oil and hemp pomace

Abstract

For the time being, the use of cannabis for medical purposes is more and more relevant. A review of literary sources shows that Ukrainian varieties of hemp are insufficiently studied. Therefore, the variety "Glesia" was chosen for the study, as it is the most promising Ukrainian variety. Fatty oil from hemp seeds is the leading pharmaceutical and food product produced from this raw material in Ukraine. During its production, the pomace remains, which is used for feeding animals. At the same time, it still contains many other BAS and can be a valuable raw material for creating pharmaceutical products. Therefore, developing technologies for the complex processing of this raw material is an urgent task of modern pharmaceutical science. The aim of this work was a phytochemical study of biologically active substances of hemp seeds, hemp seed oil and hemp pomace in order to develop the new phytoremedies. Materials and methods. Non-narcotic hemp seeds of the "Glesia" variety, hemp seed oil and hemp pomace were the objects of research. The elemental analysis was made using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry - iCAP 7000 Duo; the study of amino acids was made using ion exchange chromatography; the study of fatty acids was made using gas-liquid chromatography. In addition, the content of vitamin E (α-, β- and γ-tocopherols) was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection; the content of protein was studied using A.I. Ermakov method in O.O. Sozinov and F.O. Poperelia modification. Research results. The analysis of the qualitative characteristics of the obtained fatty oils shows that all indicators met the requirements of the State Standard of Ukraine. For the first time, the transition of macro- and microelements from hemp seeds of the "Glesia" variety into fatty oil was determined, and their residue in the pomace was established. The content of 16 amino acids was determined. The content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in oil samples was established. The content of α- β- γ-tocopherol in hemp seeds, hemp oil and hemp pomace was investigated using GC / MS. It was found that the protein content in the pomace was in the range of 32.8 – 34.6 %. Conclusions. We conducted a complex study of biologically active substances of non-narcotic hemp seeds of the "Glesia" variety that was harvested in 2019 and 2020, the hemp oil and hemp pomace. It was established that the content of macro- and microelements in the studied raw material of Cannabis sativa L. corresponds to the following order: Ca> Mg> Si> Fe> Al> Mn> Zn> Sr> B> Cu> Ba> Cr and Ni> Se> Co> Mo> Cd> Be> I> Pb. The content of 16 amino acids was determined. Of them, 7 amino acids are essential (leucine, valine, threonine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine), 2 amino acids are essential for children (histidine and arginine), and 7 amino acids are replaceable (alanine, tyrosine, proline, glycine, glutamic and aspartic acids). It was found that the main fatty acids of all samples were linoleic, oleic and linolenic. The content of α- and γ-tocopherol predominated in the studied samples. Hemp seeds of the "Glesia" variety and hemp pomace contain protein. The protein content in the pomace ranged from 32.8 to 34.6 %