Synecology diagnostics methodology transformations of the structural and functional organization forest ecosystems

Abstract

The main directions of development of biotic diagnostics of disruption of forest ecosystems with modern methodical approaches to assessing their condition according to selection criteria are considered. The issue of indicating the state of the forest ecosystem by the structural parameters of biocomponents occupies an important position among a number of ecological and biological studies. It was established according to an analytical review of the literature. To solve the existing methodological problems of biodiagnosis of anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems, it is necessary to evaluate the current state, the mechanisms of their change, which are caused by environmental threats, according to various criteria, and bioindication should be carried out according to ecosystem indicators. Informative diagnostic signs of recreational disturbance of forests of various categories of functional purpose in the initial stages changes are biomorphological, ecomorphic, systematic structures of the grass layer, ecological strategies and ecological valences of species, diversity indices. From the III stage of digression, the tree stand (sanitary, vital structures, taxation indicators) and the soil surface (distribution by status categories) reveal the indicator signs. Violation of recreational and health forests and park plantations in city conditions is manifested by an increase in the contribution of evrybiont species according to edaphic factors, therophytes and species with a primary and secondary strategy, which have the R-sign, a higher index of adventitization of flora (over 20%). To diagnose the consequences of water erosion of soil in mountain systems (Carpathians, Crimea), it is advisable to use the characteristics of different layers of the tree stand and grass layer at all stages of soil erosion digression. Representatives of Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae with dominance of cryptophytes and therophytes, species with CSR- and R-type strategies are representative. Indicative signs are the ratio of rhizome species to species without formations, as well as species with a creeping aerial shoot to a rosetteless type of shoot. On the gradient of increasing water-erosive transformation of the ecosystem, diagnostic indicators of the structure of ecomorphs are the edaphic factor of humidity and salt regime of the soil, but only by the change in the share of the herbaceous fractions of stenobiont and evrybiont species. Diagnostic signs of moderate and intensive soil erosion degradation are changes in the values ​​of diversity and dominance indices.