Surface bone remodeling induced by the Distance-running and medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)

M. Tsili
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

We based on the theory of Cowin and Firoozbakhsh,(1981) and qualitatively studied the surface remodeling of tibia,induced by the distance -running. We showed that its periosteal and endosteal surfaces will move outwards and inwards respectively. The result predicts “Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome” ( M.T.S.S) or “Shin Splints”, an overuse injury of tibia (Hester, 2006; Romansky and Erfle, 2003; Magnusson et., al., 2003; Couture and Karlson, 2002; Walker, 1999; Bouche, 1999; Amendola et., al.,1999; Beck, 1998; Kaplan et., al.,1997; Monaco et., al.,1997)characterizing by a periosteal inflammation and decreased bone marrow density. M.T.S.S. occurs commonly in runners and due: i)to suddenly increase of the intensity or /and of the duration of training, ii) participation to a new activity, iii) poor footwear and iv) training to hard surfaces ( Hester,2006; Romansky and Karlson, 2003; Bennet, 2001; Kaplan et., al.,1997; Monaco et., al.,1997; Walker, 1999; Bouche, 1999; Amendola, 1999, Cook et., al.,1985). INTRODUCTION Living bone is continually undergoing processes of growth, reinforcement and resorption termed collectively “remodeling”. Accordingly to Frost (1964) there are two kinds of bone remodeling : internal and surface. Many theories of surface bone remodeling have been proposed (Gjelsvik,1973a and 1973b; Cowin and Van-Buskik,1979; Cowin and Firoozbakhsh,1981; Hart et., al.,1982; Hart et., al., 1984; Cowin et.,al., 1985). The purpose of this work is to qualitative study the surface remodeling of tibia, induced by the distance running. For that reason, we will use the propo-sed theory of Cowin –Firoozbakhsh (1981). BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISTANCE-RUNNING A person starts distancerunning and suppose that he (she) continues to be training with the same way, for a long time period. Initially the athlete was following a normal lifestyle, by walking with constant velocity vo. Consequently his (her) tibia was in a state at which no remodeling occurred, subjected only to a constant compressive load Go, due to the vertical component of ground reaction force, at late stance phase during walking. Accounting the data from Andriacchi et. al.,(1977); Rohrle et., al., (1984), neglecting the weight of the foot because is small (Harless,1860) and using a linear regression analysis, it is possible to obtain:
长跑和胫骨内侧应力综合征(胫夹板)所致的骨表面重塑
我们以Cowin和Firoozbakhsh(1981)的理论为基础,定性研究了长跑引起的胫骨表面重塑。我们发现它的骨膜和骨膜表面将分别向外和向内移动。结果预测了“胫骨内侧应激综合征”(M.T.S.S)或“胫骨夹板”,一种胫骨过度使用损伤(Hester, 2006;Romansky and Erfle, 2003;Magnusson等人,2003;Couture and Karlson, 2002;沃克,1999;钻孔,1999;Amendola等人,1999;贝克,1998;Kaplan等人,1997;Monaco等人,1997),表现为骨膜炎症和骨髓密度降低。M.T.S.S.通常发生在跑步者身上,原因是:i)训练强度或/和训练时间突然增加,ii)参加一项新活动,iii)鞋子不合适,iv)在坚硬的地面上训练(Hester,2006;罗曼斯基和卡尔森,2003;班纳特,2001;Kaplan等人,1997;摩纳哥等人,1997;沃克,1999;钻孔,1999;Amendola, 1999, Cook et, al.,1985)。活骨不断地经历生长、加固和吸收的过程,统称为“重塑”。根据Frost(1964)的观点,骨重塑分为两种:内部和表面。许多表面骨重塑理论已经被提出(Gjelsvik,1973a和1973b;Cowin and Van-Buskik,1979;Cowin and Firoozbakhsh,1981;Hart et al.,1982;Hart等人,1984;Cowin et al。, 1985)。本研究旨在定性研究长跑对胫骨表面重塑的影响。因此,我们将使用Cowin -Firoozbakhsh(1981)提出的理论。长跑的生物力学分析一个人开始长跑,并假设他(她)继续以同样的方式训练很长一段时间。起初,这位运动员遵循着正常的生活方式,以匀速步行。因此,他(她)的胫骨处于一种不发生重塑的状态,在行走的站立后期,由于地面反力的垂直分量,仅承受恒定的压缩载荷Go。对Andriacchi等人(1977)的数据进行核算;Rohrle et al.,(1984),因为脚的重量小而忽略了脚的重量(Harless,1860),使用线性回归分析,可以得到:
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