Analytical Procedure for Determination of Lead in Blood and Urine by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

Lead is one of the natural constituents of earth found in soils, plants, and water. Lead predominantly a concern for neurological toxic effect particularly in children due to its irreversible neurological damage. The common spectroscopic methods in trace element analysis in biological fluids are dithizone extraction, polarography, spectral analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer is a valuable, simpler, and cost-effective spectrometric technique for the identification of lead absorbance in the human system. The GF-AAS method can be employed for the measurement of lead percentage in whole blood and urine, and the results acquired are helpful in biological monitoring and clinical diagnostic of work related to surrounding lead exposure. The paper reports the average lead concentration, and calibration graphs for standards as well as absorbance against lead concentration, which will be productive in future for analytical determination of lead in blood and urine.