Analysis of studies, observed results of geophysical surveys in areas contaminated with LNAPL

Abstract

Oil pollution significantly affects the ecosystem of underground space. The penetration of hydrocarbons into aquifers threatens to spread pollution over large areas from the source. Pollutants cause damage to natural environments and lead to damage and destruction of ecosystems. To solve environmental problems in the search for hydrocarbon pollution, geophysics is often used. In contaminated sites, knowledge of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, as well as the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollution, is essential for risk assessment and site remediation planning. Despite the fact that many geophysical methods have proven their effectiveness in solving geoecological problems, pollution of the underground environment is complex. This is primarily due to the fact that the distribution of the pollutant has an impact on both the geological and mechanical components of soils, and the biological and chemical ones. The article discusses the influence of various factors on the formation of anomalies detected by methods of shallow geophysics in the process of studying the pollution of the geological environment with oil products. The main purpose of such work is the detection, contouring and determination of the migration routes of light oil products. The paper describes several generalized models of the distribution of hydrocarbon pollution, each of which can be used to solve the set tasks, as well as be a useful tool for predicting the distribution of oil products and modeling geophysical responses from a multifactorial environment. Among the factors influencing the results of geophysical studies, a special position is occupied by biodegradation processes, as a result of which significant changes in the physical properties of the medium occur.