The Concept of Evil in 4 Maccabees: Stoic Absorption and Adaptation

IF 0.2 2区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY
Hans M. Moscicke
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Abstract

The concept of evil in 4 Maccabees differs from what we find in most ancient Jewish literature, and little attention has been paid to its philosophical background. In this article I submit that the author of 4 Maccabees has absorbed and adapted a Stoic conception of evil into his Jewish philosophy. I trace the concept of evil in Stoicism and in 4 Maccabees using the categories of value theory, natural law, and the emotions. The outcome is an integrative philosophy that embraces vice as the sole evil, yet maintains a belief in the “goodness” of an afterlife; redefines natural law in terms of the Torah, reckoning any deviance from that Law as vicious; and conceives of the emotions as false belief and the cause of evil behavior, while still maintaining their God-given nature.
《马加比四书》中的邪恶概念:坚忍的吸收与适应
《马加比四书》中邪恶的概念与我们在大多数古代犹太文学中发现的不同,很少有人注意到它的哲学背景。在这篇文章中,我认为《马加比四书》的作者吸收并改编了斯多葛派的邪恶观念,融入了他的犹太哲学。我在斯多葛主义和《马加比四书》中用价值理论、自然法则和情感来追溯邪恶的概念。其结果是一种综合的哲学,将罪恶视为唯一的邪恶,但仍然相信来世的“善良”;根据律法重新定义自然法,认为任何偏离律法的行为都是邪恶的;并认为情感是错误的信念和邪恶行为的原因,同时仍然保持着上帝赋予的本性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
12
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