How to talk back: hate speech, misinformation, and the limits of salience

IF 1.6 2区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS
Rachel Fraser
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Hate speech and misinformation are rife. How to respond? Counterspeech proposals say: with more and better speech. This paper considers the treatment of counterspeech in Maxime Lepoutre’s Democratic Speech In Divided Times. Lepoutre provides a nuanced defence of counterspeech. Some counterspeech, he grants, is flawed. But, he says: counterspeech can be debugged. Once we understand why counterspeech fails – when fail it does – we can engineer more effective counterspeech strategies. Lepoutre argues that the failures of counterspeech can be theorised using the ideology of salience. Negative counterspeech fails because it reinforces the salience of the very ideas or associations that it contests. His solution? Positive counterspeech – a form of counterspeech which avoids the salience trap. I argue that the salience paradigm is ill-suited to theorise the failures of counterspeech. I suggest some alternatives. Further, I show that these alternative paradigms make importantly different practical recommendations – recommendations concerning how we ought to engineer our counterspeech – from those issued by the salience paradigm.
如何反击:仇恨言论、错误信息和知名度的局限
仇恨言论和错误信息普遍存在。如何应对?反演讲建议说:用更多更好的演讲。本文考察了马克西姆·勒普莱特《分裂时代的民主演讲》中反言论的处理。Lepoutre为反言论提供了细致入微的辩护。他承认,一些反言论是有缺陷的。但是,他说:反言论是可以被窃听的。一旦我们理解了反言语失败的原因——当它失败时——我们就可以设计出更有效的反言语策略。Lepoutre认为,反言论的失败可以用突出性的意识形态来理论化。消极的反驳之所以失败,是因为它强化了它所反对的观点或联想的突出性。他的解决方案?正面反语-一种避免突出陷阱的反语形式。我认为,突出性范式不适合将反言语的失败理论化。我建议一些替代方案。此外,我还表明,这些替代范式提出了与突出性范式所提出的重要不同的实际建议——关于我们应该如何设计我们的反语的建议。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: Politics, Philosophy & Economics aims to bring moral, economic and political theory to bear on the analysis, justification and criticism of political and economic institutions and public policies. The Editors are committed to publishing peer-reviewed papers of high quality using various methodologies from a wide variety of normative perspectives. They seek to provide a distinctive forum for discussions and debates among political scientists, philosophers, and economists on such matters as constitutional design, property rights, distributive justice, the welfare state, egalitarianism, the morals of the market, democratic socialism, population ethics, and the evolution of norms.
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