Improvement of grain quality of winter wheat in the zone of thermal power station influence

O. Viniukov, L. Konovalenko, O. Bondareva
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Abstract

During 2018–2020, we conducted researches in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, which were aimed to determine the complex influence of winter wheat seed inoculation with biologic poly-myxobacterin and plant treatment with growth stimulants on the accumulation of heavy metals in grain under aerogenic emissions by thermal power station. It was established effectiveness of the biologic polymyxobac-terin and humic plant growth stimulants, which complex action was aimed to decrease the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the grain of winter wheat cultivated in high man-made load areas. At 2 km distance from the thermal power station (extremely dangerous level of pollution), the copper content in the samples of wheat grain decreased compared to the control variant by 16.9%, the zinc content – by 19.5%. It was identified a significant decrease in the content of the Class 1 dangerous elements: lead – by 34.9%, cadmium – by 33.3. The winter wheat grain yield of Popeliushka variety was 7.9 t/ha, which was by 0.9 t/ha or 12.9% higher compared to the control. The introduction of seed inoculation and plant growth stimulants allow to reduce the pollution risk of grain products at the crop cultivation in industrial regions with a high level of man-made load on agricultural land. The grain grown in 20 km distance from thermal power station (dangerous level of soil pollution) had the less content of heavy metals: copper and zinc – by 15.3%, lead – by 32.3%, cadmium – by 33.3%. The coefficients of biological absorption of chemical elements, which allow to assess the impact of agro-technological measures on the bioaccumulative processes of heavy metals in man-made load areas, decreased by 1.3 times. Key words: winter wheat, technogenic load, biopreparation, growth stimulant, heavy metals, biolog-ical absorption coefficient of heavy metals, yield
火电厂影响区冬小麦籽粒品质的改善
2018-2020年,我们在乌克兰北部草原东部开展了研究,旨在确定在火电厂气源排放条件下,接种生物多粘杆菌和植物生长刺激剂处理冬小麦种子对籽粒重金属积累的复杂影响。研究了多粘菌素和腐殖质植物生长促进剂的复合作用,以降低人工高负荷地区冬小麦籽粒重金属的生物积累。在距离火电厂2公里处(极危险污染水平),小麦籽粒样品中的铜含量与对照相比下降了16.9%,锌含量下降了19.5%。经鉴定,1类危险元素的含量显著下降:铅下降34.9%,镉下降33.3%。冬小麦产量为7.9 t/ hm2,比对照增产0.9 t/ hm2,增产12.9%。在农业用地人为负荷较高的工业地区,引入种子接种和植物生长刺激剂可以降低作物种植中粮食产品的污染风险。距离火电厂20公里(土壤污染危险水平)的粮食重金属含量较低:铜和锌含量为15.3%,铅含量为32.3%,镉含量为33.3%。用于评估农业技术措施对人为负荷区内重金属生物累积过程影响的化学元素生物吸收系数下降了1.3倍。关键词:冬小麦,技术负荷,生物修复,生长刺激剂,重金属,重金属生物吸收系数,产量
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