Eye Movement Feature Set and Predictive Model for Dyslexia: Feature Set and Predictive Model for Dyslexia

Abstract

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that can cause difficulties in reading or writing. Dyslexia is not a visual problem, but many dyslexics have impaired magnocellular system, which causes poor eye control. Eye-trackers are used to track eye movements. This research work proposes a set of significant eye movement features that are used to build a predictive model for dyslexia. Fixation and saccade eye events are detected using the dispersion-threshold and velocity-threshold algorithms. Various machine learning models are experimented. Validation is done on 185 subjects using 10-fold cross-validation. Velocity-based features gave high accuracy compared to statistical and dispersion features. Highest accuracy of 96% was achieved using the hybrid kernel support vector machine-particle swarm optimization model followed by the xtreme gradient boosting model with an accuracy of 95%. The best set of features are the first fixation start time, average fixation saccade duration, the total number of fixations, total number of saccades, and ratio between saccades and fixations.