THE CRIMINALIZATION OF THE QUR'AN PERSPECTIVE AND IT’S CONTEXTUALIZATION IN INDONESIA

Jurnal AtTibyan Jurnal Ilmu Alquran dan Tafsir Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI:10.32505/at-tibyan.v6i2.3418

N. Marhaban

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Abstract

The Qur'an as the main source of law in Islam rules various kinds of criminal offenses and their punishments called Jarīmah. This is relevant to the purpose of God's laws implemented for the benefit and happiness of human beings. This article aims to present the discourse of Islamic criminal law in the Indonesian context. By using library research and content analysis as the analytical knife, this study found that the punishment in terms of the existence of texts in the Qur’an and hadith consists of two kinds. First, the punishments directly mentioned in the text are ḥudūd, qiṣaṣ, diyāt and kafarāt. Second, the punishment uncovered by the text is the ta'zīr punishment. Furthermore, there are four kinds of relations in the punishment, namely; 1) principal punishment, 2) substitute punishment, 3) additional punishment, and 4) complementary punishment. In this study, there are also ten acts that are able to be criminalized with threats of ḥadd and qiṣaṣ punishment, namely zinā, qażf (accusing zinā without evidence), ḥirābah (robbery), sariqah (theft), syurb al-khamr (drinking wine), maisir (gambling), riddah (apostasy), murder, persecution, and al-bugyu (rebellion).

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古兰经观点的犯罪化及其在印尼的背景化

《古兰经》作为伊斯兰教的主要法律渊源，规定了各种刑事犯罪及其刑罚。这与上帝为人类的利益和幸福而实施律法的目的有关。本文旨在呈现印尼背景下伊斯兰刑法的论述。本研究以图书馆研究和内容分析为分析工具，发现古兰经和圣训在文本存在方面的惩罚分为两种。首先，文中直接提到的惩罚是ḥudūd, qiṣaṣ， diyāt和kafarāt。其次，文本揭示的惩罚是塔兹尔惩罚。此外，刑罚中还存在四种关系，即;1)主刑，2)代刑，3)加刑，4)辅刑。在本研究中，还有十种行为可以通过ḥadd和qiṣaṣ惩罚的威胁被定为犯罪，即zinā， qażf(无证据指控zinā)， ḥirābah(抢劫)，sariqah(盗窃)，syurb al-khamr(饮酒)，maisir(赌博)，riddah(叛教)，谋杀，迫害和al-bugyu(叛乱)。

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Jurnal AtTibyan Jurnal Ilmu Alquran dan Tafsir

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12 weeks