Freshwater Scarcity

IF 15.5 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Annual Review of Environment and Resources Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-101319

P. Gleick, H. Cooley

{"title":"Freshwater Scarcity","authors":"P. Gleick, H. Cooley","doi":"10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-101319","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The availability and use of fresh water are critical for human health and for economic and ecosystem stability. But the growing mismatch between human demands and natural freshwater availability is contributing to water scarcity, affecting industrial and agricultural production and a wide range of social, economic, and political problems, including poverty, deterioration of ecosystem health, and violent conflicts. Understanding and addressing different forms of water scarcity are vital for moving toward more sustainable management and use of fresh water. We provide here a review of concepts and definitions of water scarcity, metrics and indicators used to evaluate scarcity together with strategies for addressing and reducing the adverse consequences of water scarcity, including the development of alternative sources of water, improvements in water-use efficiency, and changes in systems of water management and planning. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7982,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Environment and Resources","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5000,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"44","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annual Review of Environment and Resources","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-101319","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Abstract

The availability and use of fresh water are critical for human health and for economic and ecosystem stability. But the growing mismatch between human demands and natural freshwater availability is contributing to water scarcity, affecting industrial and agricultural production and a wide range of social, economic, and political problems, including poverty, deterioration of ecosystem health, and violent conflicts. Understanding and addressing different forms of water scarcity are vital for moving toward more sustainable management and use of fresh water. We provide here a review of concepts and definitions of water scarcity, metrics and indicators used to evaluate scarcity together with strategies for addressing and reducing the adverse consequences of water scarcity, including the development of alternative sources of water, improvements in water-use efficiency, and changes in systems of water management and planning. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

查看原文本刊更多论文

淡水短缺

淡水的供应和使用对人类健康以及经济和生态系统的稳定至关重要。但是，人类需求与自然淡水供应之间日益严重的不匹配正在造成水资源短缺，影响到工业和农业生产，以及一系列广泛的社会、经济和政治问题，包括贫困、生态系统健康恶化和暴力冲突。了解和解决不同形式的水资源短缺问题对于实现更可持续的淡水管理和利用至关重要。我们在此回顾了水资源短缺的概念和定义，用于评估水资源短缺的度量和指标，以及解决和减少水资源短缺不利后果的战略，包括开发替代水源，提高水资源利用效率，以及改变水管理和规划系统。《环境与资源年鉴》第46卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2021年10月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Annual Review of Environment and Resources 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

24.10

自引率

1.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>24 weeks

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Environment and Resources, established in 1976, offers authoritative reviews on key environmental science and engineering topics. It covers various subjects, including ecology, conservation science, water and energy resources, atmosphere, oceans, climate change, agriculture, living resources, and the human dimensions of resource use and global change. The journal's recent transition from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license, enhances the dissemination of knowledge in the field.