Antitubercular activities, antioxidant properties and GCMS fingerprinting of Acacia hebecladoides, Acacia albida and Gmelina arborea.

Paul T. Olonishuwa, G. Anyanwu, U. Ejike
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Abstract

Abstract Background: It is a practice to use traditional medicine for curing various illnesses in West Africa. Acacia hebecladoides, Acacia albida and Gmelina arborea were selected based on their traditional belief for treating various ailments such as: hallucinations, inflammation and tuberculosis. The study sought to validate the antitubercular activity, antioxidant properties and phytochemical components of extracts and fractions of the leaves of selected plants. Method: The antitubercular activities of the plants were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and non-mycobacterium tuberculosis (NTM) using the Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) proportion method. Gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) assay and the antioxidant assays (1,1- diphenyl -2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, total phenolic content (TPC), β-carotene bleaching activity and nitric oxide scavenging activity) were all carried out. Results: All three plant extracts used in the study inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis with G. arborea showing the lowest MIC value of 31.25μg/ml. Also, G. arborea inhibited MDR-TB with an MIC value of 125μg/ml. The most active plant, G. arborea was fractionated into four partitions, three (aqueous, n-hexane and ethyl acetate) fractions showed inhibitory activity against MTB with an MIC value of 62.5μg/ml. Also n-hexane and chloroform fractions of G. arborea showed inhibitory activities against MDR-TB with the lowest MIC value of 31.25μg/ml. The nitric oxide activity of the plant fractions showed that ethyl acetate fraction of G. arborea had high nitric oxide antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract A. hebecladoides and G. arborea, while fractions of G. arborea (aqueous, ethyl acetate and chloroform) showed DPPH scavenging activity. The ethanolic extract A. hebecladoides and A. albida, while aqueous fraction of G. arborea had high total phenolic content. The ethanolic extract G. arborea and its fractions (aqueous and n hexane) showed β-carotene bleaching inhibition. Twelve compounds were found in the n-hexane fraction of G. arborea as 2,3-dihydro-3,5,-6-methy 4H-Pyran-4-one and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were abundant with 35.81% and 19.03% respectively, followed by 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methy-4H-Pyran-4-one (9.82%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.45%). Conclusions: The study carried out showed that ethanolic extract and fractions of G. arborea possess inhibitory activities against MTB and MDR-TB. Also ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of G. arborea showed high antioxidant activities.
金合欢、金合欢和金合欢的抗结核活性、抗氧化特性及GCMS指纹图谱。
背景:在西非,利用传统医学治疗各种疾病是一种实践。选择金合欢、合欢和金合欢是基于它们的传统信仰,可以治疗各种疾病,如幻觉、炎症和肺结核。本研究旨在验证所选植物叶片提取物和馏分的抗结核活性、抗氧化特性和植物化学成分。方法:采用洛温斯坦-詹森比例法(Lowenstein - Jensen, LJ)评价三种植物对结核分枝杆菌(MTB)、耐多药结核分枝杆菌(MDR-TB)和非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的抗结核活性。气相色谱质谱(GCMS)测定和抗氧化测定(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼基(DPPH)自由基测定、总酚含量(TPC)、β-胡萝卜素漂白活性和一氧化氮清除活性)。结果:三种植物提取物均对结核分枝杆菌有抑制作用,其中木桐的MIC值最低,为31.25μg/ml。同时,木参抑制MDR-TB的MIC值为125μg/ml。活性最强的植物木参被分成4个部分,3个部分(水、正己烷和乙酸乙酯)对MTB具有抑制活性,MIC值为62.5μg/ml。正己烷和氯仿部位对耐多药结核也有抑制作用,MIC最低为31.25μg/ml。结果表明,木桐乙酸乙酯部位具有较高的抗氧化活性。乙醇提取物和木柏提取物,木柏提取物(水、乙酸乙酯和氯仿)具有清除DPPH的活性。乙醇提取液中总酚含量较高,而水分液中总酚含量较高。木桐醇提物及其水、正己烷组分对β-胡萝卜素漂白有抑制作用。其中2,3-二氢-3,5 -6-甲基- 4h -吡喃-4-酮和5-羟甲基糠醛含量分别为35.81%和19.03%,其次是3,5-二羟基-2-甲基- 4h -吡喃-4-酮(9.82%)和正十六酸(8.45%)。结论:研究表明,木参醇提物及其提取物对MTB和MDR-TB具有一定的抑制作用。乙酸乙酯和水馏分也显示出较高的抗氧化活性。
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