A Meta-Analysis: Correlation between Hypertension of Comorbidity on Mortality in Patients with COVID-19

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus that has never been previously identified in humans. In severe cases of COVID-19 it can cause pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. Hypertension causes a number of patho­physiological changes in the cardiovascular system such as left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. This can make a hypertensive heart particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of comorbid hypertension on mortality in COVID-19 patients. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted with PRISMA flow diagram. Article searches through journal databases include: Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer Link by selecting articles published in 2020 and 2021. The keywords used are “Hypertension” OR “Hypertensive Patient” OR “Blood Pres­sure”, “Systolic Pressure” OR “Diastolic Pres­sure” AND “Mortality”, OR “death” OR “loss” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-COV-2” OR “coro­navirus” AND “multivariate”. The inclusion criteria were full paper articles with observa­tional research methods, the results of the analysis used the aOR value, the exposure given was comorbid hypertension, the research sub­jects were COVID-19 patients, with mortality outcomes. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 app. Results: A meta-analysis of 18 articles showed that confirmed COVID-19 patients who had comorbid hypertension had a 1.27 times risk of mortality compared to those without comorbid hypertension and were statistically significant (aOR= 1.27; 95% CI= 1.14 to 1.41; p <0.001). Conclusion: Comorbid Hypertension affects the mortality of COVID-19 patients. Keywords: hypertension, mortality, COVID-19, meta-analysis Correspondence:  Nanda Agustian Simatupang. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: nandaagustian9@gmail.com. Mobile: 082247604322. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2021), 06(01) https://doi.org/10.26911­/jepublic­health.2021.06.01.07