Phytochemical and in vitro anticancer activity of Cassia glauca leaves extract

Abstract

Aim: Cassia glauca leaves are extracted and studied for preliminary chemicals present in the extracts and studied for in vitro anticancer activity against human cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of ether extract shows the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, and phenols, and chloroform and methanol extracts show the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, and phenols, and alkaloids and methanol extract shows the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. The viability of the extracts has shown significantly decreased at 1000 μg/ml after 72 h against cancer cells. Ether extract shown significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 (23.76%, half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] – 479.63) and HT-29 (36.18%, IC50 – 583.71), and chloroform and methanol extracts show significant anticancer activity against A549 (26.04%, IC50 – 282.27) and A549 (35.52%, IC50 – 636.30) cancer cells. Conclusion: The results indicate that C. glauca leaves ether extract shows significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HT-29, and chloroform and methanol extracts show against A549, the activity may be due to the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols.