Pakistani Hazara Shia victims: challenges, survival techniques, and protective needs

IF 1.1 Q3 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Sara Rizvi Jafree, N. Malik, Amna Khawar
{"title":"Pakistani Hazara Shia victims: challenges, survival techniques, and protective needs","authors":"Sara Rizvi Jafree, N. Malik, Amna Khawar","doi":"10.1080/14678802.2023.2186166","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT News reports frequently convey acts of violence against Hazara Shias in Pakistan, but there is limited empirical scholarship about lived experiences of the community. To contribute to the knowledge in this field, interviews with Pakistani Hazara Shia victims, who have also lost immediate family members to violence, were conducted. Interviews with thirteen participants took place between February and May 2021. Thematic content analysis revealed two broad areas: Challenges and fears and Coping and hope for a better future. The former showed that participants struggled with: (i) uncertainty about which factor plays a greater role in violence; (ii) facing psychological warfare and living with violence by normalising it; (iii) discrimination and exclusion; and (iv) mental trauma, drug abuse, and suicide ideation. The latter thematic area uncovered that participants persisted through: (i) religious coping and spirituality; (ii) plans for migration versus nationalism; and (iii) hope that basic human rights and special quotas would be secured in the future. The study highlights that unless it is stopped, the violence against Hazara Shias will have to be accepted as an ‘extension of genocide’ which deprives living members of the community from essentially continuing with life beyond pure survival and suffering from ‘social death’.","PeriodicalId":46301,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Security & Development","volume":"48 1","pages":"67 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Conflict Security & Development","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2023.2186166","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT News reports frequently convey acts of violence against Hazara Shias in Pakistan, but there is limited empirical scholarship about lived experiences of the community. To contribute to the knowledge in this field, interviews with Pakistani Hazara Shia victims, who have also lost immediate family members to violence, were conducted. Interviews with thirteen participants took place between February and May 2021. Thematic content analysis revealed two broad areas: Challenges and fears and Coping and hope for a better future. The former showed that participants struggled with: (i) uncertainty about which factor plays a greater role in violence; (ii) facing psychological warfare and living with violence by normalising it; (iii) discrimination and exclusion; and (iv) mental trauma, drug abuse, and suicide ideation. The latter thematic area uncovered that participants persisted through: (i) religious coping and spirituality; (ii) plans for migration versus nationalism; and (iii) hope that basic human rights and special quotas would be secured in the future. The study highlights that unless it is stopped, the violence against Hazara Shias will have to be accepted as an ‘extension of genocide’ which deprives living members of the community from essentially continuing with life beyond pure survival and suffering from ‘social death’.
巴基斯坦哈扎拉什叶派受害者:挑战、生存技巧和保护需求
新闻报道经常报道针对巴基斯坦哈扎拉什叶派的暴力行为,但关于该社区生活经历的实证学术研究有限。为了增进对这一领域的了解,对巴基斯坦哈扎拉什叶派受害者进行了采访,他们也因暴力而失去了直系亲属。在2021年2月至5月期间对13名参与者进行了采访。专题内容分析揭示了两大领域:挑战和恐惧以及应对和对更美好未来的希望。前者表明参与者挣扎于:(i)不确定哪个因素在暴力中起更大的作用;(ii)面对心理战,将暴力正常化,与暴力共存;(三)歧视和排斥;(四)精神创伤、药物滥用和自杀意念。后一个主题领域揭示了参与者坚持通过:(i)宗教应对和灵性;(ii)移民与民族主义的计划;(三)希望今后能保障基本人权和特别配额。该研究强调,除非制止,否则针对哈扎拉什叶派的暴力行为将不得不被认为是“种族灭绝的延伸”,它剥夺了该社区活着的成员除了纯粹的生存之外的基本生活,并遭受“社会死亡”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Conflict Security & Development
Conflict Security & Development INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
22
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信