Facts and challenges of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer

Xuehai Wang, Feng-Li Wang, Weiyi Xia, Siyuan Deng, Hongxiang Zhang, Xinyuan Zhao
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Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive but common cancer subtype in clinical practice. Immune activation has been observed in a subgroup of TNBC, suggesting that immunotherapy may be a potential therapeutic option. With the widespread use of monotherapy, specific immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as avelumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab have made significant contributions to improving outcomes in both early and advanced TNBC. In addition, the expressions of immune regulators such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which are influenced by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), are also critical factors in determining the effect of immunotherapy in TNBC. This review focuses on the updates on the biological underpinnings of TNBC and the associated treatment advances. We present the current landscape of well-known immune regulators and widely used ICIs for TNBC and highlight the future directions that are significant for further improving the efficacy and effect of targeted therapeutic strategies to immunotherapy in TNBC and more reliable prognostic predictions for tailored therapy in the future.
免疫疗法治疗三阴性乳腺癌的事实和挑战
三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)在临床实践中是一种侵袭性但常见的癌症亚型。在TNBC的一个亚组中观察到免疫激活,提示免疫治疗可能是一种潜在的治疗选择。随着单药治疗的广泛使用,特异性免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)如avelumab、pembrolizumab和atezolizumab对改善早期和晚期TNBC的预后做出了重大贡献。此外,受肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)影响的免疫调节因子,如细胞毒性t淋巴细胞相关蛋白4、程序性细胞死亡1 (PD-1)和程序性细胞死亡配体1 (PD-L1)的表达,也是决定TNBC免疫治疗效果的关键因素。本文就TNBC的生物学基础及相关治疗进展作一综述。我们介绍了TNBC中已知的免疫调节剂和广泛使用的ICIs的现状,并强调了未来的发展方向,这些方向对于进一步提高TNBC免疫治疗的靶向治疗策略的疗效和效果以及未来更可靠的定制治疗预测具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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