The question of negative temperatures in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.02.002

David A. Lavis

引用次数: 6

Abstract

We show that both positive and negative absolute temperatures and monotonically increasing and decreasing entropy in adiabatic processes are consistent with Carathéodory's version of the second law and we explore the modifications of the Kelvin–Planck and Clausius versions which are needed to accommodate these possibilities. We show, in part by using the equivalence of distributions and the canonical distribution, that the correct microcanonical entropy, is the surface (Boltzmann) form rather than the bulk (Gibbs) form thereby providing for the possibility of negative temperatures and we counter the contention on the part of a number of authors that the surface entropy fails to satisfy fundamental thermodynamic relationships.

查看原文本刊更多论文

热力学和统计力学中的负温度问题

我们证明了绝热过程的正负绝对温度和熵的单调递增和递减都符合carathacimodory版本的第二定律，并探讨了开尔文-普朗克和克劳修斯版本的修改，以适应这些可能性。我们在一定程度上通过使用分布和正则分布的等价性表明，正确的微正则熵是表面(玻尔兹曼)形式而不是体积(吉布斯)形式，从而提供了负温度的可能性，我们反驳了一些作者的论点，即表面熵不能满足基本的热力学关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 物理-科学史与科学哲学

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

13.3 weeks

期刊介绍： Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics is devoted to all aspects of the history and philosophy of modern physics broadly understood, including physical aspects of astronomy, chemistry and other non-biological sciences. The primary focus is on physics from the mid/late-nineteenth century to the present, the period of emergence of the kind of theoretical physics that has come to dominate the exact sciences in the twentieth century. The journal is internationally oriented with contributions from a wide range of perspectives. In addition to purely historical or philosophical papers, the editors particularly encourage papers that combine these two disciplines. The editors are also keen to publish papers of interest to physicists, as well as specialists in history and philosophy of physics.