The Anodyne-Agent Model: A Framework for Conceptualizing the Animal’s Role in Animal-Assisted Intervention

A. Fournier, Elizabeth A. Letson, T. D. Berry, Jennifer Laitala, Lauren Proels, Kelli Kavanaugh
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Abstract

This research introduces the anodyne-agent model as a framework for conceptualizing the animal’s role in animal-assisted interventions. The model suggests animals assist interventions aimed at human health and well-being by (a) enhancing positive emotion and decreasing negative emotion, and/or (b) serving as agents in the therapeutic process. An experiment is described to demonstrate the anodyne-agent model. This investigation engaged 45 women and men in a between-groups, posttest-only experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (i.e., a horse, a dog, or a no-animal control condition). Dependent measures included quantity of human-animal interaction measured with the Human-Animal Interaction Scale, positive and negative emotion measured with the Modified Dimensional Emotions Scale, and psychosocial learning measured via participant qualitative report. Results showed positive emotion was higher following sessions with an animal and correlated with quantity of human-animal interaction. Psychosocial learning differed by condition and was also associated with human-animal interaction. Findings illustrate the utility of the anodyne-agent model. Replication with larger, more diverse samples is warranted.
止痛药-代理模型:一个概念化动物在动物辅助干预中的角色的框架
本研究介绍了止痛剂模型作为概念化动物在动物辅助干预中的作用的框架。该模型表明,通过(a)增强积极情绪和减少消极情绪,和/或(b)在治疗过程中充当代理人,动物有助于旨在人类健康和福祉的干预措施。通过实验对该模型进行了验证。这项调查让45名女性和男性参与了一项仅限测试后的组间实验。参与者被随机分配到三种条件中的一种(即,马,狗或无动物控制条件)。依赖测量包括人与动物互动量表测量的人与动物互动数量,修正维度情绪量表测量的积极和消极情绪,以及通过参与者定性报告测量的心理社会学习。结果表明,与动物相处后,积极情绪会更高,并且与人与动物互动的数量相关。社会心理学习因情况而异,也与人与动物的互动有关。研究结果说明了止痛剂模型的实用性。复制更大,更多样化的样本是有保证的。
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