Removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ Ions, Colour and Turbidity from Water Using Carbon and Ash Derived From Maize Cobs

IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI:10.9790/5736-1006015868

Daniel Muvengei, H. Mbuvi, M. Ng′ang′a

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

About 17.2 million Kenyans lack access to clean water due to increased population growth, high rate of industrialisation and poor waste management. The situation may worsen if immediate measures are not taken. Lead and cadmium are the main heavy metals in contaminated water and their harmful effects such as lung cancer, mental retardation and nerve disorder cannot be under estimated. Available methods for removing these metal ions from water such as use of activated carbon are very expensive and unaffordable to low income earners. Maize cobs which have minimal use after maize harvesting can be utilised to reduce environmental pollution. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the ability of maize cobs derived products to adsorb both lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions and remove methylene blue and turbidity from contaminated water. Maize cobs charcoal was prepared by heating dry maize cobs in a furnace in limited air. Activation was done by use of 1 M sulphuric acid and heating the mixture in a closed vessel. Maize cob ash was generated by heating dry maize cobs in a furnace. Ability of these adsorbents to adsorb lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions from the solution was investigated by carrying out batch experiment and varying parameters such as contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature and shaking speed. The data obtained was fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich models. Activated charcoal gave the best fit in Langmuir for lead ions with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.0 mg/g. Ash fitted in Freundlich model with r 2 =0.953. For removal of cadmium (II) ions, all the adsorbents gave best fit in Freundlich with maize cob charcoal having the highest adsorption capacity of 24.3 mg/g and r 2 =0.997. Among the three adsorbent only ash was found to have the ability of removing turbidity from water. This implies that maize cob derived products can be used to remove lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions

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利用玉米芯碳和灰去除水中Pb2+和Cd2+离子、色度和浑浊度

由于人口增长、工业化程度高和废物管理不善，大约有1720万肯尼亚人无法获得清洁水。如果不立即采取措施，情况可能会恶化。铅和镉是污染水中的主要重金属，它们对肺癌、智力迟钝和神经障碍等的有害影响不容低估。从水中去除这些金属离子的现有方法，如使用活性炭，非常昂贵，低收入者负担不起。玉米收获后使用最少的玉米芯可用于减少环境污染。本研究的主要目的是研究玉米芯衍生产品吸附铅(II)和镉(II)离子以及去除污染水中亚甲基蓝和浊度的能力。玉米芯炭是通过在有限空气条件下加热干燥的玉米芯而制备的。活化是通过使用1 M硫酸和加热混合物在一个封闭的容器。玉米芯灰是通过在炉中加热干燥的玉米芯而产生的。通过批量实验和不同接触时间、初始金属离子浓度、吸附剂剂量、温度和摇动速度等参数，考察了这些吸附剂对溶液中铅(II)和镉(II)离子的吸附能力。所得数据用Langmuir和Freundlich模型拟合。活性炭对铅离子的最大吸附量为13.0 mg/g。Ash符合Freundlich模型，r2 =0.953。在Freundlich实验中，各吸附剂对镉(II)的吸附效果最佳，玉米芯炭吸附量最高，为24.3 mg/g，吸附系数r2 =0.997。在三种吸附剂中，只有灰具有去除水中浊度的能力。这意味着玉米芯衍生产品可用于去除铅(II)和镉(II)离子

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IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry

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