The Loneliness of Precarity: Social Determinants and Patients at Risk for Declining Health

Abstract

This study examines loneliness within 12,019 patients in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States with existing health conditions who are at risk for worsening health, higher care utilization, and higher costs. Member survey data from Highmark, a large Blue Cross Blue Shield insurer, is used to examine the prevalence of loneliness and investigate its association with social determinants of health to understand which needs pose the greatest risk in developing or maintaining loneliness. Findings reveal that concern over a potential lack of food and housing may matter more than the material lack of resources. This study also finds that many social determinants associated with loneliness depend on age, calling for greater sociological inquiry into the processes involved in the loneliness of precarity. Identifying intervention points is key to lessening loneliness and improving health outcomes.