Clinical Characteristics and Underlying Medical Conditions Among Hospitalized Children and Adult Patients With Seasonal Influenza

Gholamreza Ghoreishi, B. Bijani, A. Allami
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Abstract

Background: Influenza is a respiratory infection that causes a wide range of symptoms, from mild symptoms to a significantly impaired disease. Objective: This study aims to examine demographic characteristics, clinical features, and underlying medical conditions in children and adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study on 333 adults and 102 children hospitalized with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection and seasonal influenza confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in three university hospitals, in Qazvin City, Iran, during two influenza seasons (March 2017 and February 2019). Findings: Most clinical manifestations of influenza were similar among adults. A significant difference was observed among the two groups in terms of 1) a greater proportion of male patients in children (66.7%) and female patients in adults (58.6%); 2) adults were more exposed to risk factors than children (median 1 vs. 0); 3) a greater proportion of children presenting influenza-related encephalopathy (38.2% vs. 26.7%) and upper respiratory signs compared to adults; 4) a greater proportion of adults presenting lower respiratory signs and symptoms compared to children. The most common underlying conditions were asthma and diabetes mellitus (DM) in adults and diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer in children. The duration of hospitalization had a significant relationship with the number of risk factors (r=0.219, P<0.001). Conclusion: In summary, influenza-related encephalopathy and upper respiratory signs are more prevalent in children, and in contrast, adults are more likely to have underlying medical conditions than children with seasonal influenza.
住院儿童和成人季节性流感患者的临床特征和基础医学条件
背景:流感是一种呼吸道感染,可引起多种症状,从轻微症状到严重受损的疾病。目的:本研究旨在研究实验室确诊流感住院儿童和成人的人口统计学特征、临床特征和潜在医疗条件。方法:对2017年3月和2019年2月两个流感季节(伊朗加兹温市三所大学医院经逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)确诊的急性呼吸道感染和季节性流感症状住院的333名成人和102名儿童进行回顾性比较研究。结果:成人流感的临床表现基本相似。两组间差异有统计学意义:(1)儿童男性患者占66.7%,成人女性患者占58.6%;2)成人对危险因素的暴露程度高于儿童(中位数为1比0);3)与成人相比,出现流感相关脑病(38.2% vs. 26.7%)和上呼吸道体征的儿童比例更高;4)与儿童相比,出现下呼吸道体征和症状的成年人比例更高。最常见的潜在疾病是成人哮喘和糖尿病(DM),儿童糖尿病(DM)和癌症。住院时间与危险因素数有显著相关(r=0.219, P<0.001)。结论:总之,流感相关脑病和上呼吸道体征在儿童中更为普遍,相反,成人比季节性流感儿童更可能有潜在的医疗条件。
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