Low-driving-voltage silicon DP-IQ modulator for 100G and beyond

Abstract

We demonstrate high-speed modulations in dual-polarization (DP) quadrature phase shift keying and DP 16- and 32-quadrature amplitude modulation formats with radio frequency driving voltage as low as 2 Vppd using a packaged monolithic silicon DP in-phase quadrature modulator that employs a highly efficient vertical p-n junction rib-waveguide phase shifter.