Moral courage in the workplace: moving to and from the desire and decision to act

IF 4.8 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Leslie Sekerka, R. Bagozzi
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引用次数: 206

Abstract

Why is moral courage in the workplace viewed as the unusual, rather than the norm? If we want to cultivate organizational environments that exhibit moral strength, we must consider how courage can be exercised in daily organizational life, as an action that can be achieved by everyone. To explore this notion, we see a need to develop additional understanding of how people determine whether or not they will act in a morally courageous way when faced with an ethical challenge. While existing theory sheds light on various aspects of ethical decision making, missing from the literature is an examination of how emotions, automatic responses to situational conditions, along with conscious and deliberative thought, work together to help guide this process. Yet to be fully explored are the internal factors and the social influences that accompany them, specifically those that contribute to forming the desire and decision to act with moral courage. We argue that scholarship designed to explain how this process unfolds will reshape our understanding of moral courage as an action open to self-control, and thus can occur more frequently than the rare event it is often presumed to be. Our depiction of the organizational member’s response to an ethical challenge helps take moral courage out of the extraordinary and into the realm of what can be achieved by most people, at least some of the time. Leading scholars in the area of ethical decision making have put forth an invitation to integrate constructs, topics and issues that span academic fields, taking a cross-disciplinary approach (Payne & Giacalone 1990, Treviño 1992). We accept this call and propose a process orientation to the study of moral conduct, one that is grounded in the behavioural sciences but mindful of philosophical contributions. Considering the recent focus on positive organizational scholarship (Cameron et al. 2003), we also show how moral courage can be better understood, encouraged and taught, by learning what contributes to organizational moral flourishing. If organizational members are expected to conduct themselves with exemplary standards of ethical behaviour, it is the responsibility of scholars and managers to provide clarity on how to do so effectively. To address this concern we ask, What induces people to act in morally courageous ways as they face an ethical challenge in the workplace? Our starting assumption is that moral courage can be realized and achieved by most organizational members, under certain personal and situational conditions. To build Respectively: Assistant Professor, Organizational Behavior and Ethics, Graduate School of Business & Public Policy, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA; and Professor of Marketing, Stephen M. Ross School of Business & Professor of Social and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, MI, USA.
工作场所的道德勇气:行动的欲望和决定
为什么职场中的道德勇气被视为不寻常,而不是常态?如果我们想要培养展现道德力量的组织环境,我们必须考虑如何在日常组织生活中行使勇气,使之成为每个人都能实现的行动。为了探索这一概念,我们认为有必要进一步了解人们在面临道德挑战时如何决定他们是否会以道德勇敢的方式行事。虽然现有的理论揭示了道德决策的各个方面,但文献中缺少的是对情绪、对情境条件的自动反应、以及有意识和深思熟虑的思考如何共同帮助指导这一过程的研究。然而,有待充分探讨的是内部因素和伴随这些因素的社会影响,特别是那些有助于形成以道德勇气行动的愿望和决定的因素。我们认为,旨在解释这一过程如何展开的学术研究,将重塑我们对道德勇气的理解,即道德勇气是一种可以自我控制的行为,因此它可能比通常认为的罕见事件更频繁地发生。我们对组织成员对道德挑战的反应的描述,有助于将道德勇气从非凡中带出,进入大多数人都能做到的领域,至少在某些时候。伦理决策领域的主要学者已经提出了一个邀请,即采用跨学科的方法,整合跨学术领域的结构、主题和问题(Payne & Giacalone 1990, Treviño 1992)。我们接受这一呼吁,并提出一种道德行为研究的过程导向,一种以行为科学为基础,但注意哲学贡献的导向。考虑到最近对积极组织学术的关注(Cameron et al. 2003),我们也展示了如何通过学习什么有助于组织道德繁荣来更好地理解、鼓励和教授道德勇气。如果期望组织成员以道德行为的模范标准行事,那么学者和管理者就有责任明确说明如何有效地做到这一点。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了这样的问题:当人们在工作场所面临道德挑战时,是什么促使他们以道德勇敢的方式行事?我们最初的假设是,在一定的个人和情境条件下,大多数组织成员可以实现和实现道德勇气。分别建立:美国加利福尼亚州蒙特雷海军研究生院商业与公共政策研究生院组织行为学与伦理学助理教授;美国密歇根州安娜堡市密歇根大学药学院Stephen M. Ross商学院市场营销学教授及社会与行政科学教授。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: -To offer rigorous and informed analysis of ethical issues and perspectives relevant to organizations and their relationships with society -To promote scholarly research and advance knowledge in relation to business ethics and corporate social responsibility and social entrepreneurship by providing cutting edge theoretical and empirical analysis of salient issues and developments -To be responsive to changing concerns and emerging issues in the business ethics and business and society sphere, and to seek to reflect these in the balance of contributions -To be the publication outlet of choice for all types of original research relating to business ethics and business-society relationships. Original articles are welcomed. Each issue will normally contain several major articles, and there will be an occasional FOCUS section which will contain articles on an issue of particular importance and topicality. Other regular features will include editorial interviews, book reviews, comments and responses to published articles, research notes and case studies. Business Ethics: A European Review is well established as an academic research journal which is at the same time readable, user-friendly and authoritative. It publishes both fully refereed scholarly papers and special contributions such as speeches and reviews. The range of contributions reflects the variety and scope of ethical issues faced by business and other organisations world-wide, and at the same time seeks to address the interests and concerns of the journals readership.
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