Studi Kasus Difteri di Kabupaten Bangkalan dan Kota Probolinggo, Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2015

Abstract

Pendahuluan:  Difteri merupakan penyakit menular yang mematikan dan menyerang saluran pernafasan bagian atas. Kejadian diphtheria ini dikarenakan masih ada bayi yang tidak diimunisasi DPT. Tujuan adalah mengetahui kasus difteri dan strategi penanggulangan di Kabupaten Bangkalan dan Kota Probolinggo, Tahun 2012-2014. Metode: Deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder yang didukung dengan data indepth interview. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Bangkalan dan Kota Probolinggo, karena banyaknya bayi yang tidak diimunisasi dan adanya kasus difteri. Informan adalah penanggung jawab imunisasi kabupaten. Hasil: Kasus difteri masih tinggi di Kabupaten Bangkalan, kematian terbanyak 4 orang dari 76 kasus tahun 2013. Kota Probolinggo 8 kasus, 8 sembuh tahun 2012. Terdapat bayi belum mendapat imunisasi DPT 1-3 lengkap pada usia 4 bulan dikarenakan rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat, penolakan imunisasi, takut bayi panas dan rewel, bidan kurang fokus terhadap program imunisasi, kurang melibatkan tokoh agama. Kebijakan supervisi supportif sebagai strategi penanggulangan rendahnya cakupan DPT memberikan solusi positif. Kesimpulan: Kabupaten Bangkalan dan Kota Probolinggo berpotensi difteri, karena banyak sasaran yang tidak diimunisasi DPT lengkap, bidan tidak fokus, catatan kohort tidak akurat, tidak melibatkan tokoh agama, kurang sosialisasi, masyarakat tidak memahami imunisasi secara benar. Kebijakan penanggulangan rendahnya cakupan DPT menggunakan strategi supervisi suportif. Saran: Permenkes 42/2013, petugas diwajibkan untuk mengimunisasi semua sasaran imunisasi untuk mencegah terjadinya difteri.   ABSTRACT Background: Diphtheria is a deadly infectious disease and attacks the upper respiratory tract. The incidence of diphtheria is because there are still many babies who are not immunized DPT. The objective of study is to identify cases and coping strategies of diphtheria. Method: This was a descriptive study used secondary data which was supported by indepth interview. The study was conducted due to the large number of unimmunized infants and diphtheria cases in Bangkalan District and Probolinggo City, in 2012 to 2014. The informants were the people who responsible for the district immunization. Result: The case of diphtheria is still high in Bangkalan regency, with the most 4 deaths from 76 cases in 2013. Probolinggo city reported 8 cases which were all have recovered in 2012. There were infants have not received a completed of DPT 1-3 immunization at the age of 4 months due to low of public knowledge, immunizations rejection, fear of hot and fussy babies, midwives were less focused on immunization programs, and religious leaders less involved. A supportive supervision policy as a coping strategy for low DPT coverage provides a positive solution. Conclussion: Bangkalan and Probolinggo have potency of diphtheria, because many targets are uncompleted  immunized DPT, less focus of midwife, unaccurated cohort record, uninvolved religious leaders, lack of socialization, and people do not understand immunization correctly. Policy for overcoming the low coverage of DPT using a supportive supervision strategy. Suggestion: Permenkes 42/2013, officers are required to immunize all targets to prevent diphtheria.