“I Hear that God Saith Work”: Wunnampuhtogig and Puritans Laboring for Grace in Massachusetts, 1643–1653

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY
S. Pawlicki
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Abstract

abstract:“ ‘I Hear that God Saith Work’: Wunnampuhtogig and Puritans Laboring for Grace in Massachusetts, 1643–1653,” details how beliefs about life after death transformed, and were transformed by, labor practices for both wunnampuhtogig (“praying Indians”) and English colonizers as they navigated the fraught terrain of seventeenth-century colonial encounters. This article argues that beliefs about the afterlife and those about labor were mutually constitutive, building distinctive and sometimes paradoxical worldviews for wunnampuhtogig and English alike. Traumas wrought by virulent epidemics among Eastern Algonquian polities catalyzed reassessment of eschatology and labor practices, the two variables appearing profoundly intermeshed in the conversion narratives spoken in Wôpanâak by wunnampuhtogig and translated for English readers across the Atlantic. Epistemological emphasis on the confluence of labor and cosmology was not a foreign imposition, but an engrained element of Eastern Algonquian cultural histories. Labor and eschatology converged in English evangelists’ rhetoric in ways that both reinforced and strained key tenets of Puritan covenantal theology, pointing toward scriptural tensions that preoccupied colonial evangelists. This article examines how religious beliefs about death and afterlives organized, inflected, and recast the labor performed by Indigenous and settler communities in Massachusetts throughout the mid-seventeenth century.
“我听说上帝说工作”:1643年至1653年,马萨诸塞州的乌纳姆普托格和清教徒为恩典而工作
摘要:“‘我听说上帝说工作’:1643-1653年马萨诸塞州的Wunnampuhtogig和清教徒为恩典而劳动”,详细描述了Wunnampuhtogig(“祈祷的印第安人”)和英国殖民者在十七世纪的殖民遭遇中,对死后生活的信仰是如何改变的,又是如何被劳动实践所改变的。这篇文章认为,关于来世的信仰和关于劳动的信仰是相互构成的,为wunnampuhtogig和英语建立了独特的、有时是矛盾的世界观。在东部阿尔冈昆政治中,致命的流行病造成的创伤促进了对末世论和劳动实践的重新评估,这两个变量在wunnampuhtogig在Wôpanâak中讲述的转换叙述中深刻地交织在一起,并被翻译成大西洋两岸的英语读者。认识论强调劳动和宇宙论的融合并不是外来的强加,而是东方阿尔冈琴文化历史的一个根深蒂固的因素。劳动和末世论在英国福音传教士的修辞中融合在一起,既强化了清教圣约神学的关键原则,又使之紧张,指向了殖民地福音传教士所关注的圣经紧张关系。本文考察了关于死亡和来世的宗教信仰是如何组织、影响和重塑整个17世纪中期马萨诸塞州土著和移民社区的劳动的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
0.30
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