FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN NAKHCHIVAN (END OF THE XIX CENTURY – THE EARLY XX CENTURY)

Abstract

The article examines the development of school and pedagogical thought in Nakhchivan before and during autonomy (end of the XIX century – beginning of the XX century). It has been established that in Nakhchivan, which is an integral part of Azerbaijan, special attention has always been paid to education. During this period, the conditions for the development of democratic thought were created in Nakhchivan: a socio-political movement unfolded; first of all, the famous intelligentsia of Nakhchivan began to discuss a wide range of national issues and educational ideas. The theoretical ideas and practical activities of intellectuals-enlighteners created the basis for increasing the number of new educational centers in the Nakhichevan region and for achieving a high level of enlightenment. As a result of the influence of the socio-political movement, an extensive system of education was created in Nakhichevan, the conditions for the introduction of free and general education in the native language were created, and the pedagogical movement was revitalized. The study determined that educational reforms related to the creation of secular schools, teaching of secular sciences in schools along with religious ones, professional training of teachers on the basis of national ideology, teaching students and compiling textbooks in their native language , using new teaching methods, involving girls in education, etc. It was determined that at the end of the XIX century – at the beginning of the XX century. the school in Nakhchivan was not satisfied only with teaching people elementary literacy; education provided knowledge in the field of national and spiritual unity, social and political activity, solidarity, law, morality, national liberation and freedom. The struggle for a new school, progressive changes in education contributed to the development of enlightened ideas in Nakhchivan and gave impetus to the formation of a local educated class. The achievements of education and culture at that time created the basis for future successes.