{"title":"Patogenisitas Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana terhadap Serangga Nezara viridula (L.) pada Stadia yang Berbeda","authors":"Mega Mahrani Nasution, M. Sayuthi, Hasnah Hasnah","doi":"10.17969/jimfp.v8i1.21966","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak. Beauveria bassiana merupakan salah satu cendawan entomopatogen yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bioinsektisida dalam mengendalikan serangga hama pada tanaman budidaya. Nezara viridula merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman polong-polongan yang merusak tanaman dengan menusukkan stiletnya pada buah atau biji kemudian menghisap cairannnya sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan hasil hingga 80% bahkan dapat mengalami puso apabila tidak dilakukan pengendalian. Pengendalian hama dengan memanfaatkan cendawan entomopatogen diharapkan dapat mengendalikan serangga hama N. viridua pada stadia yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi cendawan B. bassiana yang efektif dalam mengendalikan hama serangga N. viridula. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana dengan 4 taraf yaitu K1 (102 cfu), K2 (104 cfu), K3 (106 cfu), dan K4 (108 cfu), serta stadia perkembangan serangga yaitu: S1 (Nimfa instrar 2), S2 (Nimfa instrar 4), S3 (imago), sehingga diperoleh 12 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 2 ulangan serta didapat 24 unit percobaan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi masa inkubasi cendawan B. bassiana pada N. viridula (hari), gejala yang ditimbulkan pada N. viridula akibat terinfeksi cendawan B. bassiana, dan Mortalitas N. viridula (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana berpengaruh nyata terhadap masa inkubasi pada N. viridula tetapi berpengaruh tidak nayata terhadap stadia perkembangan serangga. Semakin tinggi tingkat kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana yang diaplikasikan, maka semakin cepat timbulnya gejala white muscardine pada serangga N. viridula di laboratorium. Kerapatan konidia 108 cfu pada 2 hari setelah aplikasi (HSA) serangga sudah mati dan tubuh sudah ditumbuhi cendawan B. bassiana. Stadia perkembangan serangga dan tingkat kerapatan konidia cendawan berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas. Mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada kerapatan konidia 108 cfu yaitu 71,13% pada pengamatan 5 hari HSA. Cendawan B. bassiana berpotensi sebagai agens hayati dalam mengendalikan serangga hama N. viridula yang berwawasan lingkungan.Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana to Insect Nezara viridula (L.) at Different StagesAbstract. Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogenic fungi that is often used as a bioinsecticide in controlling insect pests in cultivated plants. Nezara viridula is one of the main pests on legumes that damage plants by sticking the stylet into the fruit or seed and then sucking the liquid, resulting in a decrease in yield of up to 80% and can even experience puso if not controlled. Pest control using entomopathogenic fungi is expected to control the insect pest N. viridua at different stadia. The purpose of this study was to obtain a concentration of the fungus B. bassiana which was effective in controlling the insect pest N. viridula. The design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design consisting of 2 factors, namely the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana with 4 levels, namely K1 (102 cfu), K2 (104 cfu), K3 (106 cfu), and K4 (108 cfu). ), and the developmental stages of insects, namely: S1 (Nymph instrar 2), S2 (Nymph instrar 4), S3 (imago), so that 12 treatment combinations were obtained with 2 replications and 24 experimental units were obtained. The observed variables included the incubation period of the fungus B. bassiana on N. viridula (days), the symptoms caused in N. viridula due to infection with the fungus B. bassiana, and the mortality of N. viridula (%). The results showed that the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana had a significant effect on the incubation period of N. viridula but had no significant effect on the developmental stage of insects. The higher the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana applied, the faster the symptoms of white muscardine in N. viridula insects appeared in the laboratory. Conidia density of 108 cfu at 2 days after application (HSA) the insects were dead and the body was overgrown with B. bassiana fungus. Insect developmental stadia and fungal conidia density had a significant effect on mortality. The highest mortality occurred at conidia density of 108 cfu, which was 71.13% at 5 days of HSA observation. The fungus B. bassiana has the potential as a biological agent in controlling the insect pest N. viridula in an environmentally sound manner.","PeriodicalId":17799,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v8i1.21966","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Abstrak. Beauveria bassiana merupakan salah satu cendawan entomopatogen yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bioinsektisida dalam mengendalikan serangga hama pada tanaman budidaya. Nezara viridula merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman polong-polongan yang merusak tanaman dengan menusukkan stiletnya pada buah atau biji kemudian menghisap cairannnya sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan hasil hingga 80% bahkan dapat mengalami puso apabila tidak dilakukan pengendalian. Pengendalian hama dengan memanfaatkan cendawan entomopatogen diharapkan dapat mengendalikan serangga hama N. viridua pada stadia yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi cendawan B. bassiana yang efektif dalam mengendalikan hama serangga N. viridula. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana dengan 4 taraf yaitu K1 (102 cfu), K2 (104 cfu), K3 (106 cfu), dan K4 (108 cfu), serta stadia perkembangan serangga yaitu: S1 (Nimfa instrar 2), S2 (Nimfa instrar 4), S3 (imago), sehingga diperoleh 12 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 2 ulangan serta didapat 24 unit percobaan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi masa inkubasi cendawan B. bassiana pada N. viridula (hari), gejala yang ditimbulkan pada N. viridula akibat terinfeksi cendawan B. bassiana, dan Mortalitas N. viridula (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana berpengaruh nyata terhadap masa inkubasi pada N. viridula tetapi berpengaruh tidak nayata terhadap stadia perkembangan serangga. Semakin tinggi tingkat kerapatan konidia cendawan B. bassiana yang diaplikasikan, maka semakin cepat timbulnya gejala white muscardine pada serangga N. viridula di laboratorium. Kerapatan konidia 108 cfu pada 2 hari setelah aplikasi (HSA) serangga sudah mati dan tubuh sudah ditumbuhi cendawan B. bassiana. Stadia perkembangan serangga dan tingkat kerapatan konidia cendawan berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas. Mortalitas tertinggi terjadi pada kerapatan konidia 108 cfu yaitu 71,13% pada pengamatan 5 hari HSA. Cendawan B. bassiana berpotensi sebagai agens hayati dalam mengendalikan serangga hama N. viridula yang berwawasan lingkungan.Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana to Insect Nezara viridula (L.) at Different StagesAbstract. Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogenic fungi that is often used as a bioinsecticide in controlling insect pests in cultivated plants. Nezara viridula is one of the main pests on legumes that damage plants by sticking the stylet into the fruit or seed and then sucking the liquid, resulting in a decrease in yield of up to 80% and can even experience puso if not controlled. Pest control using entomopathogenic fungi is expected to control the insect pest N. viridua at different stadia. The purpose of this study was to obtain a concentration of the fungus B. bassiana which was effective in controlling the insect pest N. viridula. The design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design consisting of 2 factors, namely the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana with 4 levels, namely K1 (102 cfu), K2 (104 cfu), K3 (106 cfu), and K4 (108 cfu). ), and the developmental stages of insects, namely: S1 (Nymph instrar 2), S2 (Nymph instrar 4), S3 (imago), so that 12 treatment combinations were obtained with 2 replications and 24 experimental units were obtained. The observed variables included the incubation period of the fungus B. bassiana on N. viridula (days), the symptoms caused in N. viridula due to infection with the fungus B. bassiana, and the mortality of N. viridula (%). The results showed that the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana had a significant effect on the incubation period of N. viridula but had no significant effect on the developmental stage of insects. The higher the conidia density of the fungus B. bassiana applied, the faster the symptoms of white muscardine in N. viridula insects appeared in the laboratory. Conidia density of 108 cfu at 2 days after application (HSA) the insects were dead and the body was overgrown with B. bassiana fungus. Insect developmental stadia and fungal conidia density had a significant effect on mortality. The highest mortality occurred at conidia density of 108 cfu, which was 71.13% at 5 days of HSA observation. The fungus B. bassiana has the potential as a biological agent in controlling the insect pest N. viridula in an environmentally sound manner.