The effect of unstable-surface functional exercises on static balance in adolescents with intellectual disability – a preliminary report

Abstract

Introduction: Independent and safe mobility considerably affects social functioning and performing activities of daily living (ADL). People with intellectual disabilities commonly have a reduced sense of balanced posture. Aim of the research study: Examination static balance in adolescents with moderate intellectual disabilities under the influence of a 12-week programme of functional exercises on unstable surfaces. Material and methods: Static balance was assessed on an Alfa stabilometric platform. A total of 34 adolescents, aged 14–16 years, were involved in the tests. They were divided into two groups: group one took part in a 12-week exercise programme, and group two constituted a control group. Results: A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the scores of the experimental and control group was revealed after the termination of the exercise programme, and it related to the Centre of Pressure (COP) surface area in the balance assessment test with eyes closed. The suggested battery of exercises considerably (p < 0.05) affected the shortening of the path length in the balance assessment test with eyes open. Those differences were not observed in the control group. The experimental group boasted a statistically significant (p < 0.05) shortening of the path length and a smaller surface area covered by the COP in exercises with eyes closed. Conclusions: The suggested training programme improved static balance in intellectually disabled adolescents who took part in regular exercise sessions.