A Decisive Review to Understand the Basic Fundamentals of Novel Corona Viruse Disease

Abstract

With the development and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a new public health disaster is threatening the world (SARS-CoV-2). In December 2019, the virus was discovered in bats and transmitted to humans via unidentified intermediary species in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. To date (05/03/2020), there have been roughly 96,000 recorded cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and 3300 documented deaths. The disease is spread through inhalation or contact with contaminated droplets, with a 2 to 14-day incubation period. Fever, cough, sore throat, dyspnea, weariness, and malaise are common symptoms. The disease is mild in most people; in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities), it can lead to pneumonia, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), and multi-organ failure. A large number of persons are asymptomatic. The case fatality rate is expected to be between 2 and 3%. Specimen collection, assay collection, serology, nucleic acid testing or molecular testing, and target selection for RT-PCR are all examples of laboratory diagnosis. Home isolation of suspected cases and those with mild illnesses, as well as tight infection control measures in hospitals, including contact and droplet precautions, are all part of the prevention strategy. The virus has a lower fatality rate than its two ancestors, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory sickness coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The global consequences of this new epidemic are still unknown.