The influence of nanodispersed cerium oxide on the development of oxidative stress and the production of nitric oxide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background. In the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), in addition to glucotoxicity, the development of oxidative stress plays a leading role. Antioxidants have been of great interest for physicians in recent years. Contemporary diabetology have been focused on the search and practical implementation of pathogenetic medications that can affect the main chains of DM and prevent its negative consequences. Purpose of the study is to determine the effect of nanodispersed cerium oxide (NCO) on the production of nitric oxide (NO), the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. Seventy-two patients aged 36 to 66 years, average age of 55.20 ± 6.82 years, who received treatment at the Municipal Clinical Hospital 2 in Poltava from July to December 2022 have been involved in the study. They have been divided into 2 groups: controls (n = 35), which included people without diabetes; experimental group (n = 37), which consisted of patients diagnosed with type 2 DM. Results. The use of NCO in patients with type 2 DM significantly reduces the activity of inducible NO synthase in the blood by 34.70 % and the activity of arginases by 52.17 % compared to the levels before treatment. The use of nanodispersed cerium oxide in the treatment of type 2 DM increases the activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood by 102.74 %, and the activity of catalase by 103.04 % compared to same indicators in the experimental group before therapy. Notably, blood malondialdehyde was significantly lower (by 2.35 times) compared to the same indicator before treatment. Conclusions. The use of NCO in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to an increase in antioxidant protection and a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation in blood. NCO reduces the production of nitric oxide from the inducible NO synthase and weakens the competition between NO synthases and arginases for the reaction substrate. The findings of the study justify the need to include antioxidants in the pathogenetic therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications.