Polysaccharide remains in Maya mural paintings: is it an evidence of the use of plant gums as binding medium of pigments and additive in the mortar?

Núria Guasch-Ferré, J. L. Pérez, M. Pascual, L. Osete-Cortina, M. Doménech-Carbó
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

ABSTRACT A number of monosaccharides characteristic of plant gums were found in paint layers and preparation layers of samples of Maya mural paintings of 10 archaeological sites located in Campeche and Yucatan regions. This finding opens the question about the deliberate use of these organic polymers as additives for improving workability and mechanical properties in the preparation layer mortar and conferring cohesion to the pigments in the paint layer. The study performed by GC-MS has confirmed the presence, in significant amounts, of a series of monosaccharides, being glucose and mannose between the most abundantly found. Nevertheless, the low amount present in most of the samples hindered the quantification of the relative proportion of monosaccharides necessary for identifying the botanical species of the plant gum. According to the accepted methodology used by Maya artists for preparing painting materials, bark of trees containing plant gums was added to the slaked lime stored in pools and that should be consistent with the notable amounts of glucose, mannose and other monosaccharides forming the skeleton of hemicelluloses and cellulose found in most of the samples. Although organic matter can be present in paint samples exposed to the external environment in Mesoamerican region as result of the microbiological activity, marker compounds characteristic of products resulting from their metabolism were not found in the studied samples.
玛雅壁画中的多糖残留物:这是使用植物胶作为颜料和砂浆添加剂的结合介质的证据吗?
在坎佩切和尤卡坦地区10个考古遗址的玛雅壁画样品的颜料层和制备层中发现了一些具有植物胶特征的单糖。这一发现提出了一个问题,即有意使用这些有机聚合物作为添加剂,以改善制备层砂浆中的和易性和机械性能,并赋予涂料层中颜料的凝聚力。通过GC-MS进行的研究证实了大量单糖的存在,其中葡萄糖和甘露糖的含量最多。然而,大多数样品中单糖的含量低,阻碍了单糖相对比例的定量,而单糖的相对比例是鉴定植物胶的植物种类所必需的。根据玛雅艺术家在准备绘画材料时使用的公认方法,将含有植物树胶的树皮添加到储存在水池中的熟石灰中,这应该与在大多数样品中发现的形成半纤维素和纤维素骨架的大量葡萄糖、甘露糖和其他单糖相一致。虽然由于微生物活性,中美洲地区暴露于外部环境的油漆样品中可能存在有机物,但在所研究的样品中未发现由其代谢产生的产品特征的标记化合物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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