Unequal opportunity and growth in India: A dynamic panel analysis by using survey data

Panchanan Das
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Abstract

This study analyses the lack of robust conclusions about the association between inequality and economic growth. On the basis of ex-ante concept of inequality of opportunity, the parametric measure of unequal opportunity is used by partitioning the total sample in to 16 mutually exclusive circumstance groups. Theil's T index of monthly per capita consumption expenditure in household survey conducted by the NSSO in different rounds since the early 1980s is used to measure overall inequality and unequal opportunity. The relative index of inequality of opportunity is used as explanatory variable in the growth regression equation. To find out the direction of causality, we also estimate inequality equation by taking growth as an explanatory variable in presence of some control variables. Empirical findings of this study suggest that overall inequality and inequality of opportunity have negative effects on subsequent growth, while initial growth has no significant effect overall inequality and has a significant positive effect on inequality of opportunity.

印度的不平等机会与增长:基于调查数据的动态面板分析
本研究分析了缺乏关于不平等与经济增长之间关系的有力结论。在事前机会不平等概念的基础上,通过将总样本划分为16个相互排斥的情况组,使用了机会不平等的参数度量。从20世纪80年代初开始,国家统计局进行了不同轮次的住户调查,使用Theil的每月人均消费支出T指数来衡量整体不平等和不平等机会。在增长回归方程中,机会不平等的相对指数作为解释变量。为了找出因果关系的方向,我们还在存在一些控制变量的情况下,将增长作为解释变量来估计不等式方程。本研究的实证结果表明,总体不平等和机会不平等对后续增长有负向影响,而初始增长对总体不平等没有显著影响,对机会不平等有显著的正向影响。
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