Biological Removal of Dyes from Wastewater: A Review of Its Efficiency and Advances

K. Tang, N. Darwish, A. Alkahtani, Mohamed Ragab Abdelgawwad, P. Karácsony
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引用次数: 11

Abstract

Biological removal of dyes has been advocated due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and low operational requirements in comparison to physicochemical methods of treating dye effluents. This paper aims to compare the efficiency of biological removal of dyes using bacteria, algae, and fungi, including yeasts, besides presenting the recent advances in the field. This paper reviewed scholarly articles published mainly between 2010 and 2021. It found bacteria could degrade a myriad of dyes. Different bacteria could degrade the same dye with different efficiencies. Similarly, one bacterial species could degrade multiple dyes with varying efficiencies. Though regarded as having a faster rate of dye biodegradation than fungi, this review finds bacteria to have comparable performance to fungi in decolorizing dyes, and it is worth mentioning that a few yeast species were reported to have very high efficiency in decolorizing dyes. Mixed bacteria or bacteria-fungus cultures were generally found to have better dye-decolorizing efficiency than pure cultures. Algae have relatively lower efficiency than bacteria and fungi in decolorizing dyes and might require longer contact time. New advances such as genetic engineering as well as immobilization of microorganisms and enzymes could improve the efficiency of dye biodegradation. Nonetheless, before biological removal of dyes can be feasibly applied, there are limitations that need to be overcome. Major limitations include the inconsistent performance of various organisms in decolorizing dyes; the complexity of optimization; inability to completely decolorize dyes; potential formation of toxic by-products upon decolorization of dyes; safety concerns of immobilization materials; and cost and technical feasibility of biological removal of dyes. This review has the significance of highlighting the important bottlenecks of the current biological dye removal technology, which could pave the way for breakthroughs in this domain of research.
生物去除废水中染料的研究进展
与处理染料废水的物理化学方法相比,生物去除染料的方法简单,成本效益高,操作要求低,因此一直受到提倡。本文旨在比较细菌、藻类和真菌(包括酵母)生物去除染料的效率,并介绍该领域的最新进展。本文主要回顾了2010年至2021年间发表的学术论文。它发现细菌可以降解无数种染料。不同的细菌可以以不同的效率降解同一种染料。同样,一种细菌可以以不同的效率降解多种染料。虽然被认为具有比真菌更快的染料生物降解速度,但本综述发现细菌在染料脱色方面的性能与真菌相当,值得一提的是,有报道称一些酵母菌在染料脱色方面具有非常高的效率。通常发现混合细菌或细菌-真菌培养物比纯培养物具有更好的染料脱色效率。与细菌和真菌相比,藻类对染料的脱色效率相对较低,并且可能需要较长的接触时间。基因工程以及微生物和酶的固定化等新进展可以提高染料生物降解的效率。尽管如此,在生物去除染料可行应用之前,仍有一些限制需要克服。主要的限制包括各种生物在染料脱色中的表现不一致;优化的复杂性;不能使染料完全脱色;染料脱色后可能产生的有毒副产物;固定材料的安全问题;生物去除染料的成本和技术可行性。本文综述具有突出当前生物染料去除技术的重要瓶颈,为该领域的研究突破铺平道路的意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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