Ecological and Evolutionary Insights About Emerging Infectious Diseases from the COVID-19 Pandemic

IF 11.2 1区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102320-101234

A. Kilpatrick

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged the workings of human society, but in doing so, it advanced our understanding of the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Fluctuating transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrated the highly dynamic nature of human social behavior, often without government intervention. Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two years following spillover resulted primarily in increased transmissibility, while in the third year, the globally dominant virus variants had all evolved substantial immune evasion. The combination of viral evolution and the buildup of host immunity through vaccination and infection greatly decreased the realized virulence of SARS-CoV-2 due to the age dependence of disease severity. The COVID-19 pandemic was exacerbated by presymptomatic, asymptomatic, and highly heterogeneous transmission, as well as highly variable disease severity and the broad host range of SARS-CoV-2. Insights and tools developed during the COVID-19 pandemic could provide a stronger scientific basis for preventing, mitigating, and controlling future pandemics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 54 is November 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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COVID-19大流行中新发传染病的生态学和进化见解

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行对人类社会的运作提出了挑战，但同时也促进了我们对传染病生态学和进化的理解。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)的波动传播表明，人类社会行为具有高度动态性，往往没有政府干预。在外溢后的头两年，SARS-CoV-2的进化主要导致传播性增加，而在第三年，全球占主导地位的病毒变体都进化出了大量的免疫逃避。由于疾病严重程度的年龄依赖性，病毒进化和通过接种和感染建立宿主免疫力的结合大大降低了SARS-CoV-2的实现毒力。SARS-CoV-2的症状前传播、无症状传播和高度异质性传播，以及疾病严重程度的高度变化和广泛的宿主范围，加剧了COVID-19大流行。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间开发的见解和工具可以为预防、缓解和控制未来的大流行提供更强大的科学基础。预计《生态、进化和分类学年度评论》第54卷的最终在线出版日期是2023年11月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 生物-进化生物学

CiteScore

19.90

自引率

1.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is a scholarly publication that has been in circulation since 1970. It focuses on important advancements in the areas of ecology, evolutionary biology, and systematics, with relevance to all forms of life on Earth. The journal features essay reviews that encompass various topics such as phylogeny, speciation, molecular evolution, behavior, evolutionary physiology, population dynamics, ecosystem processes, and applications in invasion biology, conservation, and environmental management. Recently, the current volume of the journal transitioned from a subscription-based model to open access through the Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program. Consequently, all articles published in the current volume are now available under a CC BY license.