Ethnobotanical and on Farm Genetic Surveys of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Genetic Resources in Kerkennah Islands

Abstract

Fig tree (Ficus carica L.) is characterized by a wide genetic diversity in Tunisia although it is considered as a secondary species. In Kerkennah islands, despite several biotic and abiotic stresses, local population has conserved the fig germplasm. This species is very well suited to the harsh environments. In order to enhance on farm conservation of fig genetic resources and to have inventory of related traditional knowledge (TK), a global survey was conducted among a wide range of stakeholders and local governmental agencies in Kerkennah archipelago. For this purpose, prospections were done during two successive years covering the totality of the islands. A total of 9 locations and 26 sub-locations were visited. Twenty four farmers were solicited. Surveys have taken into account sex, age of farmers, predominant agricultural activities of farmers, field area, fig cultivated varieties, land management, traditional knowledge, production and its use, source of incomes and marketing of production. Participatory Four Cell Analysis (FCA) allowed the classification of fig cultivars regarding the threat level of loss and the adequate manner of conservation. Results of this study showed that it is imperative to pay particular attention to threatened and rare cultivars. Hence, the importance to conserve such diversified germplasm. On farm conservation program is a suitable alternative for such region for preservation of traditional knowledge, cultivars rehabilitation and a sustainable agriculture.