Thinking the unthinkable: how did human germline genome editing become ethically acceptable?

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Paul A. Martin, Ilke Turkmendag
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

Two major reports in the UK and USA have recently sanctioned as ethically acceptable genome editing of future generations for the treatment of serious rare inherited conditions. This marks an important turning point in the application of recombinant DNA techniques to humans. The central question this paper addresses is how did it became possible for human genetic engineering (HGE) of future generations to move from an illegitimate idea associated with eugenics in the 1980s to a concrete proposal sanctioned by scientists and bioethicists in 2020? The paper uses the concept of a regime of normativity to understand the co-evolution and mutual shaping of technology, imaginaries, norms and governance processes in debates about HGE in the USA and UK. It will be argued that interlinked discursive, institutional, political and technological changes have made proposals for the use of genome editing in the genetic engineering of future generations both “thinkable” and legitimate.
思考不可思议的事情:人类生殖系基因组编辑是如何在伦理上被接受的?
英国和美国的两份主要报告最近批准了对后代进行基因组编辑以治疗严重罕见遗传疾病的伦理上可接受的做法。这标志着重组DNA技术应用于人类的一个重要转折点。这篇论文的核心问题是,人类基因工程(HGE)是如何从20世纪80年代与优生学相关的一个不合法的想法转变为2020年由科学家和生物伦理学家批准的具体建议的?本文使用规范性制度的概念来理解在美国和英国关于HGE的辩论中技术、想象、规范和治理过程的共同进化和相互塑造。有人会认为,相互关联的话语、制度、政治和技术变革,已经提出了在后代的基因工程中使用基因组编辑的建议,这既是“可以想象的”,也是合法的。
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来源期刊
New Genetics and Society
New Genetics and Society 生物-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
16.70%
发文量
19
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: New Genetics and Society: Critical Studies of Contemporary Biosciences is a world-leading journal which: -Provides a focus for interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary, leading-edge social science research on the new genetics and related biosciences; -Publishes theoretical and empirical contributions reflecting its multi-faceted development; -Provides an international platform for critical reflection and debate; -Is an invaluable research resource for the many related professions, including health, medicine and the law, wishing to keep abreast of fast changing developments in contemporary biosciences. New Genetics and Society publishes papers on the social aspects of the new genetics (widely defined), including gene editing, genomics, proteomics, epigenetics and systems biology; and the rapidly developing biosciences such as biomedical and reproductive therapies and technologies, xenotransplantation, stem cell research and neuroscience. Our focus is on developing a better understanding of the social, legal, ethical and policy aspects, including their local and global management and organisation.
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