Anthropogenic landscapes of Ukraine and their reconstruction

Hryhoriy I. Denysyk, V. Kanskyi, V. Kanska, Bohdan Denysyk, Mykhailo Vinnytsia
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Abstract

The aim of the research was to analyze the structure of Ukraine’s anthropogenic landscape and the directions of its development for the purposes of further reconstruction and rational use. The current state of ten types of anthropogenic landscapes was assessed. In the research based on the maps of natural and contemporary landscapes, use was primarily made of historical and archaeological methods, including historical and genetic sequences. The present landscape of Ukraine can be described as the coexistence of three types of landscapes: natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic. Anthropogenic landscapes which are definitely dominating nowadays, started to be formed in the late Paleolithic. The classification of ten types of anthropogenic landscapes should be improved and supplemented as the new types of anthropogenic landscapes are created, e.g. garden and park landscapes. Anthropogenic landscapes do not exist in isolation, but interact with one another and with natural landscapes. What is particularly noteworthy is the reconstruction of the anthropogenic landscape of the Forest-Field zone. The restoration of landscapes should begin with the creation of an eco-network. The national ecological network is ineffective because it does not take into account anthropogenic landscape changes. The reconstruction of all types of anthropogenic landscapes must allow for their zonal and regional specificity as well as their cultural importance. The cultural landscape will be the basis of the new structure of the national eco-network and will increase its range.
乌克兰的人为景观及其重建
研究的目的是分析乌克兰人为景观的结构及其发展方向,以便进一步重建和合理利用。对10类人为景观的现状进行了评价。在基于自然和当代景观地图的研究中,主要使用历史和考古方法,包括历史和基因序列。乌克兰目前的景观可以被描述为三种景观类型的共存:自然景观,自然-人为景观和人为景观。如今占主导地位的人为景观,在旧石器时代晚期开始形成。在创建园林、公园等新型人为景观的同时,应完善和补充十类人为景观的分类。人为景观不是孤立存在的,而是与自然景观相互作用的。特别值得注意的是森林原野区人为景观的重建。景观的恢复应该从建立生态网络开始。国家生态网络是无效的,因为它没有考虑到人为的景观变化。所有类型的人为景观的重建必须考虑到其地域性和区域性的特殊性及其文化重要性。文化景观将成为国家生态网络新结构的基础,并将扩大其范围。
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