Features and key factors affecting the implementation of major projects

S. Y. Agaurov, N. V. Zykova
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Abstract

Aim. The presented study aims to identify factors that have a significant impact on the implementation of large-scale projects.Tasks. The authors analyze major project management practices; investigate problems arising in the management of such projects; describe factors leading to an increase in the cost of major projects; examine the features of infrastructure projects.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition and analysis, as well as the tabular method.Results. In recent decades, mega-projects that are crucial for economic growth and social prosperity have become increasingly common across the world. The characteristic features of most large-scale and infrastructure projects include cost overruns, time delays, and often failure to achieve expected revenues compared to the original estimates. The implementation of major projects is associated with various problems, such as extreme technical and social complexity, poor implementation, low construction safety indicators, and significant impact on society, people’s living conditions, and the environment. One of the reasons for the current situation is the lack of scientifically based methodological research on the issues of major project management in a changing external environment and with a risk of uncertainty. The success of the project as a multidimensional structure includes technical and managerial aspects, as well as economic and strategic goals.Conclusion. Analysis of current major project management practices shows the shortcomings of existing approaches manifested in organizational and planning errors, as well as economic, geopolitical, and environmental risks. Mega-projects require complex management strategies to ensure smooth implementation, such as introduction of a risk management system, promotion of partnerships, and creation of information platforms. It can be concluded that there is significant international experience in the implementation of major projects. However, the shortcomings identified in this study suggest that a number of issues in the theory and practice of managing such projects remain underdeveloped methodologically.
影响重大项目实施的特点及关键因素
的目标。本研究旨在找出对大型项目实施有重大影响的因素。作者分析了主要的项目管理实践;调查此类项目管理中出现的问题;描述导致重大项目成本增加的因素;检查基础设施项目的特点。本研究采用一般科学的认知和分析方法,以及表格法。近几十年来,对经济增长和社会繁荣至关重要的大型项目在世界各地变得越来越普遍。大多数大型和基础设施项目的特征包括成本超支、时间延迟,以及与最初的估计相比经常无法实现预期收入。重大项目的实施存在着技术和社会复杂性极高、实施效果差、施工安全指标低、对社会、人民生活条件和环境影响较大等问题。造成这种状况的原因之一是缺乏对外部环境变化和存在不确定性风险的重大项目管理问题进行科学的方法论研究。作为一个多维结构,项目的成功包括技术和管理方面,以及经济和战略目标。对当前主要项目管理实践的分析表明,现有方法的缺点表现在组织和计划错误,以及经济、地缘政治和环境风险上。大型项目需要复杂的管理策略来确保顺利实施,例如引入风险管理系统、促进伙伴关系和创建信息平台。可以得出的结论是,在执行重大项目方面具有重要的国际经验。然而,本研究中发现的缺点表明,管理此类项目的理论和实践中的许多问题在方法上仍然不发达。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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