Principles of functioning of a universal adaptive legal model of socially useful behavior of an individual during epidemics: state practices of the period of the existence of the USSR as a key to solving modern problems

Abstract

The aim of the research is to determine the principles of functioning of a universal adaptive legal model of socially useful behavior of an individual during epidemics (pandemics). Legal and doctrinal sources, materials of meetings (congresses) of authorities, members of the public, related to the field of countering the development of epidemics, published during the existence of the USSR (1922-1991), as well as in modern Russia, are researched. It has been established that the construction of a universal legal model of socially useful behavior of an individual should be organized on the basis of conditions that contribute to ensuring the individual's compliance with formal requirements (empirical perception of risk, the degree of trust in formal rules, the presence and strength of the influence of factors-obstacles) . The principles of functioning of the desired model are proposed: 1) the principle of a single source of origin, non-contradiction and factual validity of the application of special rules of conduct in the face of the threat of the spread of dangerous diseases; 2) the principle of scientific validity of additional restrictions, prohibitions and obligations; 3) the principle of systematic preventive work; 4) the principle of rational planning for the preparation and use of human and material resources of public organizations of volunteers in the work to prevent epidemiological emergencies.