Current diagnostic algorithms for chronic heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

Abstract

Chronic heart failure remains one of the main causes of mortality and reduced life quality both in Ukraine and around the world. More than 50 % of all patients with chronic heart failure are those with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. In current guidelines, the criteria for evaluating heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction are described properly, but the issue of timely diagnosing chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction still remains unsolved. This review presents four diagnostic algorithms for this condition, which were presented by international scientific societies in recent years: 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure; H2FPEF Score for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (Mayo, 2018); HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) (2019); Multimodality imaging in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (2021). The main advantages, limitations and disadvantages of each one are analyzed. All steps of diagnostic evaluation are described in detail. The review is illustrated with patterns of the latest diagnostic approaches.