Editorial: The Two Cultures Revisited – 2022

IF 3 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE
P. Licker, Susan Crichton
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

For decades, IT professionals and the users of IT have been at odds. While this is deplorable, this situation is not unique to IT. There are many cases of highly specialized, technical experts in conflict with those who benefit from that expertise. Consider the recently-visible, but fraught, relationship between elected officials and their public health experts during the COVID pandemic. In fact, the IT professional/user conflict is not even particularly visible to society at large. Other conflicts, however, are more historic. The year 2009 was the 50 anniversary of Sir Charles Percy Snow’s now classic “Two Cultures” Rede Lecture at Cambridge University (Snow, 1959, 1971). This original 1959 lecture seemed, at that time, to be a polemic intended to inflame and annoy. A variety of commentators have since pointed out how Snow’s essay was typical of mid-20th-century thought, attempting to find order in the chaos created by conflicts between science and the arts (Glass, 1959; Boytinck, 1980; Davis, 1965; Halperin, 1983). Dizikes (2009), along with others, correctly pointed out that Snow’s ideas were a product of his time. In fact, as Snow himself pointed out, his was not the first attempt at commentary on the purported science/arts dichotomy. Snow’s recommendations were salient to his time and seem quaint now as we face environmental Armageddon rather than (or perhaps “in addition to”) Snow’s nuclear Armageddon of 1959 and more recently viral Armageddon, in addition to the very real threat of the use of nuclear arms in Ukraine by Mr. Putin today. Recent trends, however, make it imperative that IT professionals pay attention to this “quaint” notion. The “Mid-century angst” of 1959 has reared its ugly head again; many of the dichotomies that drove the broader culture in 1959 have reappeared in other guises, some unimaginable in 1959, such as the threat that AI might replace all of human creativity (Harari, 2016). Because of this salience, we attempt to (1) find lessons in Snow’s lecture for practitioners of the “science” of information systems; (2) point out that IT expertise has a far broader and more dangerous implication than is usual for professional expertise; and (3) try to explain what IT use is really about. Users can and should play a bigger, more responsible role in determining the use and ultimately the value of information systems. Perhaps John Kennedy’s words from 1961, restated in IT nationalistic terms, might guide us: “Ask not what IT can do for you, but what you can do for IT.” For this issue’s editorial, we will first review Snow’s “two-culture” hypothesis by revisiting his original speech as applicable to the current interaction of another “two cultures”: IT professionals or purveyors (ITP) including developers, marketers, and researchers of information technology; and IT users (ITU) employing IT for business and daily life. Next, we will explore five contemporary influences or trends that that make this cultural distinction even more salient and see whether the lessons Snow suggested are useful. Finally, we will speculate on how to apply the warnings from 1959 in terms of global information technology management in 2022.
社论:两种文化重访- 2022
几十年来,IT专业人员和IT用户一直存在分歧。虽然这种情况令人遗憾,但这种情况并非IT所独有。在许多情况下,高度专业化的技术专家与那些从这种专门知识中受益的人发生冲突。在COVID大流行期间,民选官员与他们的公共卫生专家之间最近可见但令人担忧的关系。事实上,IT专业人员/用户之间的冲突在社会上并不明显。然而,其他冲突则更具历史性。2009年是查尔斯·珀西·斯诺爵士在剑桥大学的经典演讲“两种文化”50周年(斯诺,1959,1971)。这篇1959年的演讲,在当时看来,似乎是一场意在煽风点火的论战。此后,许多评论家指出斯诺的文章是20世纪中期思想的典型,试图在科学与艺术之间的冲突所造成的混乱中找到秩序(Glass, 1959;Boytinck, 1980;戴维斯,1965;霍尔柏林,1983)。Dizikes(2009)等人正确地指出,斯诺的思想是他所处时代的产物。事实上,正如斯诺自己指出的那样,他并不是第一次尝试对所谓的科学/艺术二分法进行评论。斯诺的建议在他的时代很突出,现在看来却显得有些古怪,因为我们面临的是环境大决战,而不是(或者“除了”)斯诺1959年的核大决战,以及最近的病毒大决战,此外还有普京今天在乌克兰使用核武器的非常现实的威胁。然而,最近的趋势使得it专业人员必须注意这个“古怪”的概念。1959年的“世纪中期焦虑”再次抬头;1959年推动更广泛文化的许多二分法以其他形式重新出现,其中一些在1959年是不可想象的,例如人工智能可能取代所有人类创造力的威胁(Harari, 2016)。由于这种显著性,我们试图(1)在斯诺的演讲中为信息系统“科学”的实践者找到经验教训;(2)指出IT专业知识比通常的专业知识具有更广泛和更危险的含义;(3)尝试解释IT使用的真正意义。用户能够而且应该在决定信息系统的使用和最终价值方面发挥更大、更负责任的作用。也许约翰•肯尼迪1961年的那句话,用IT民族主义的措辞重述,可以指导我们:“不要问IT能为你做什么,而要问你能为IT做什么。”在这期的社论中,我们将首先回顾斯诺的“两种文化”假设,重新审视他的原始演讲,将其应用于当前另一种“两种文化”的互动:IT专业人员或供应商(ITP),包括开发人员、营销人员和信息技术研究人员;以及资讯科技使用者(国际电联)在商业及日常生活中使用资讯科技。接下来,我们将探讨使这种文化差异更加突出的五种当代影响或趋势,并看看斯诺提出的教训是否有用。最后,我们将推测如何将1959年的警告应用于2022年的全球信息技术管理。
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来源期刊
Journal of Global Information Technology Management
Journal of Global Information Technology Management INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
10.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: The Journal of Global Information Technology Management (JGITM) is a refereed international journal that is supported by Global IT scholars from all over the world. JGITM publishes articles related to all aspects of the application of information technology for international business. The journal also considers a variety of methodological approaches and encourages manuscript submissions from authors all over the world, both from academia and industry. In addition, the journal will also include reviews of MIS books that have bearing on global aspects. Practitioner input will be specifically solicited from time-to-time in the form of invited columns or interviews. Besides quality work, at a minimum each submitted article should have the following three components: an MIS (Management Information Systems) topic, an international orientation (e.g., cross cultural studies or strong international implications), and evidence (e.g., survey data, case studies, secondary data, etc.). Articles in the Journal of Global Information Technology Management include, but are not limited to: -Cross-cultural IS studies -Frameworks/models for global information systems (GIS) -Development, evaluation and management of GIS -Information Resource Management -Electronic Commerce -Privacy & Security -Societal impacts of IT in developing countries -IT and Economic Development -IT Diffusion in developing countries -IT in Health Care -IT human resource issues -DSS/EIS/ES in international settings -Organizational and management structures for GIS -Transborder data flow issues -Supply Chain Management -Distributed global databases and networks -Cultural and societal impacts -Comparative studies of nations -Applications and case studies
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